Answer the following questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Answer the following questions - Essay Example An individual’s opportunity to be a private pilot is no doubt rewarding and at the same time very meaningful. Aeronautic engineers have a huge blessing possessing critical education and experience in air control operations. Hence, certain requirements are implemented by the federal government. The first and foremost is possessing a â€Å"private pilot certificate,† which is critical for aeronautics and traffic control. As the resume indicates, The impressive element about the resume is the fact that this individual possesses experience in the Air Manifest system, which is crucial in this job. Moreover, this individual has experience documenting, which can be used for auditing purposes. Undoubtedly, it takes a special person to be an inflight crewmember and an ambassador of the JetBlue brand.  Lastly, the cargo screening is a crucial component towards the individual’s experience. I would like the individual to have more experience in systems. Since most positions are dominated by information systems, it would be crucial if the individual possesses some background programming. Moreover, the individual should have more education and exposure in customs. As a aeronautics engineer, tourist VISA is extremely essential along with FMM, which is a visitor permit that is provided by the airline. In addition, a customs declaration form is vital. Clearing immigration upon arrival is highly suggested for foreign pilots since clerks do check these documents. For further approval, the FMM permit gets stamped by the airport officials. My shinning moment in customer service was when the system crashed and I had to figure out the flight schedule using â€Å"paper and pen.† It was one of the most difficult aspects to overcome since the flight database is crucial towards customer service. Thanks to my quick troubleshooting method and organizational leadership skills,

“The Death and the Maiden” D. 810 by Franz Schubert Essay Example for Free

â€Å"The Death and the Maiden† D. 810 by Franz Schubert Essay Franz Peter Schubert was born on the 31st of January 1797 in Lichtental, Austria which is near Vienna. He has fifteen brothers and sisters, but only five of them live to see their first birthday. The father, Franz Teodor is the Principal in a local school. The mother, Elizabeth Viets was a cook in a Viennese family. When Franz Schubert was just five-year-old he started playing the violin and his teacher was his own father. Three years later, Michael Holzer, who was the parish priest in the town, started to teach the eight-year-old composer how to play the organ. Franz Schubert composed his first piece at the age of just ten. In 1808, he started singing in the courtier choir. Not only he was a soloist in the choir but did he play in the section of second violins in the orchestra. This way, he came to know the music of Joseph Haydn and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. At this time, Shubert was taught by Antonio Salieri. After graduating from a teaching seminary in 1814, Schubert worked as a teacher alongside his father until 1818. The three year period between 1818 and 1821 is probably the toughest test in the composer’s life. Shubert was trying to earn enough giving private lessons but the money was really insufficient. He was not able to find a full-time job either, so he had to live with some of his friends – other composers and poets. In 1818 and 1820 as a musical teacher of count Esterhazy’s daughters, the young composer had the chance to visit Hungary. Schubert learnt a lot about the Hungarian national music and the Gypsy music during these visits. Suddenly and unexpectedly, his songs become very popular in Hungary and Austria after 1821 when he managed to publish some of his works with his friends’ help. Franz Schubert is the composer of some of the greatest classical master pieces ever written such as â€Å"The Unfinished Symphony† No. 8 D 759, the piano quintet â€Å"The Trout† D. 667, the string quartet â€Å"The Death and the Maiden† D 810 and of course his more than 600 songs. Schubert is also the pioneer of the song cycle genre, composing pieces such as Die Winterreise D.911, and Die Schone Mullerin D. 795. The composer died on November the 19th 1928 in Vienna. This essay has been prepared to examine several different aspects of Franz Schubert’s chamber music by mainly giving examples from the string quartet â€Å"Death and the Maiden† D. 810 and the song â€Å"Der Tod und Das Madchen† D. 531. Analyses and connection between the poem â€Å"Der Tod und Das Madchen† by Matthias Claudius, the song and the string quartet â€Å"The Death and the Maiden† by Franz Schubert will also be included. Also, the extent to which Schubert has taken the vocal melody and made it idiomatic for the string instruments will be explored. Most of the Schubert’s songs are really connected with poetry. He used to work with poets such as Goethe and Schiller, who had a huge impact onto the composer’s works. Christoph Wolff suggests that the things which Shubert mostly liked in the Matthias Claudius’ poems were the purity and simplicity of the poetic language. (Bandura-Skoda, Branscombe, 1982, 144). The song â€Å"The Death and The Maiden† D. 531, which was composed by Franz Schubert in 1815 is based on the poem â€Å"Der Tod und Das Madchen† by Matthias Claudius which was written in 1775. The poem consists of two stanzas as example one shows. Das MadchenDer Tod: Voruber! Ach, voruber!Gib deine Hand, du schon und zart Gebild! Geh, wilder Knochenmann!Bin Freund, und komme nicht, zu strafen. Ich bin noch jung! Geh lieber,Sei gutes Muts! Ich bin nicht wild, Und ruhre mich nicht an.Sollst sanft in meinen Armen schalfen! The Maiden: Death: Pass me by! Oh, pass me by! Give me your hand, you beautiful and tender form! Go, fierce man of bones! I am a friend, and come no to punish. I am still young! Go, rather, Be of good cheer! I am not fierce, And do not touch me. Softly shall you sleep in my arms! Example 1 – The poem â€Å"Der Tod und Das Madchen†. It is clear to see that the poem is in a form of a dialog between â€Å"The Maiden† and â€Å"The Death†. A key feature in the first stanza is the short sentences, ending with an exclamation mark. This shows that the girl is frightened and afraid of â€Å"The Death†. On the other hand, â€Å"The Death† in the second stanza is meant to be scary and dangerous, but instead of that it sounds harmless and even makes a compliment in the opening words: â€Å"Give me your hand, you beautiful and tender form†. Anyhow, there is an interesting fact about the title of the poem â€Å"Der Tod und Das Madchen†, therefore the names of the song and the string quartet by Schubert â€Å"The Death and The Maiden†, which is the reverse order of the two stanzas compare with the title which shows the serious presence of Death even before the opening words. The song â€Å"The Death and The Maiden† D. 531 by Schubert is logically as contrasting as the poem which it is based on. The opening eight bars of the song are just an introduction to the following piece. From bar nine onwards, Schubert uses very smart resources to establish the scary and anxiety atmosphere such as chromatism and quicker metric rhythm, as it can be seen on example two. Example 2 – the song â€Å"The Death and The Maiden† D. 531 It can be said that the Maiden is giving up resisting the Death between bars sixteen and twenty-one and there are few evidence supporting this idea. Firstly, the vocal line is going downwards which is a sign of humility. Secondly, the metric rhythm in these six bars is calm and uninterested, exactly as it was in the very opening of the song. Lastly, the fermata in bar twenty-one could be the final clue that the Maiden is already given up fighting. After this really dramatic moment for the listener, Schubert introduces the second character in the piece – â€Å"The Death†. (Bandura-Skoda, Branscombe, 1982, 152) The composer sets the tempo of the introduction as a tempo for the second part of the song. There is a little dynamic detail, however really important. The dynamic in the first part of the song (the part of â€Å"The Maiden†) is p while in the second part (the part of â€Å"The Death†) is pp. By using this technique, Shubert makes the lyrics of â€Å"the Death† sound even more shocking. The opening words in the second stanza are so important that the composer keeps the vocal line on the tonic of D minor for nearly six whole bars. The words: â€Å"Gieb deine Hand, du schon und zart Gebuild!†, which translates as follows: â€Å"Give me your hand, you beautiful and tender form!† are accompanied by quite a simple harmony pattern. Schubert uses the tonic of the D minor in the first bar of the second part of the song and then the sub-dominant is used in the second bar which develops into its first inversion in the following bar. The composer goes back to the tonic in the fourth bar, but just to set a much more interesting harmonic pattern for the second verse of the stanza: â€Å"Bin Freud, und komme ni cht, zu strafen†, which means: â€Å"I am a friend, and come not to punish†. In the fifth bar of the second part of the song the chord being used is the first inversion of the supertonic seventh which changes to the second inversion of the same chord in the first part of the following bar. However, the chord used in the second part of the bar in question, which is bar six of the second part of the song, is the seventh of the sub-dominant. The composer uses bar seven for a transition to the new key of F major, which is established in the eighth bar. The harmony is being changed from sub-dominant to the tonic of F major and back to the first inversion of the sub-dominant in the frames of the next bar. During the next two bars – ten and eleven, the tonic – sub-dominant movement in F major continues. â€Å"The Death† ends with the words: â€Å"Sollst Sanft in Meinen Armen Schafen† which translates as: â€Å"Softly shall you sleep in my arms†. Schubert goes back to D minor in this last passage; also, the composer uses the â€Å"French† augmented 6th for the word â€Å"Schlafen†. This chord seems to be the perfect one to finish the idea of â€Å"the Death† with, as it sounds unsure, uncomfortable and probably harmless. Immediately after that, in the last seven bars, Schubert unexpectedly uses D major, as if to show the public that â€Å"the Death† has no bad intentions. These harmonic patterns and the lack of melody movement in the second stanza can only characterize â€Å"the Death† voice as supernatural and really contrasting to the active voice part in the first stanza. (Bandura-Skoda, Branscombe, 1982, 153) As already said above, the song is based on the poem, which is the reason for some absolutely striking similarities between the two of them. For example, Schubert clearly differentiates the two stanzas and the two dialogue partners by various terms such as the dynamics and declamatory gestures. The piano dynamic, crescendo and diminuendo in the first part of the song correspond to the short and disjunct phrases in â€Å"the Maiden† part of the poem. Likewise, the pianissimo dynamic in the second part of the song is in harmony with the long and conjunct phrases in â€Å"the Death† part of the poem (Bandura-Skoda, Branscombe, 1982, 150). However, an interesting fact is that Schubert does not use two different voices for the two stanzas. This perhaps was his way of making the dramatic dialogue between â€Å"the Maiden† and â€Å"the Death† even more effective. In fact, Schubert uses a material which was previously written by him quite often. For example, the famous piano quintet in A major D. 667 is based on the song â€Å"the Trout† D. 550. Similarly, â€Å"the Wanderer† D. 493 supplies with material the C major fantasy D. 760. As it was already mentioned above, the String Quartet D. 810 â€Å"The Death and the Maiden† is based on the song D. 531. More precisely, the second movement of the string quartet, which consists of one main theme and five variations, is completely based on that song. The main theme can be divided into three parts: A, B and C. Example 3 – Comparison of the first eight bars of the second movement of the string quartet (above) and the song (below) The A section, which is shown on example three above, is almost directly taken from the song. Afterwards, between bars nine and sixteen, which is section B, the music is getting livelier and vivid, just to correspond perfectly to â€Å"the Maiden’s† feelings. The C section of the main theme, between bars seventeen and twenty-four, is again calm exactly as â€Å"the Death† in the Claudius’s poem is. The first twenty-four bars are probably the most beautiful and angelic, yet incredibly simple, in the Romantic era. However, the simplicity of the whole passage is what makes it so genuine. For example, the note G is repeated thirteen times between bars seventeen and twenty-four in the part of the first violin, while the note B is repeated fourteen times in the viola part. Anyhow, the feature which makes these bars sound so perfect is t he harmony pattern which is shown on example four. Example 4 – Harmonic analysis of bars seventeen to twenty four of the second movement of the string quartet The first variation starts in bar twenty-five. Basically, the harmony pattern is the same to the one in the original theme. This time, however, the second violin and the viola provide the harmony which was previously played by the whole quartet. The inner-voices sustain the key feature in this variation in triplets throughout. The cello is providing the foundation of the whole passage by playing strong quaver pizzicato notes. The first violin part is really interesting in this variation, because it has very much a supporting role, something unusual, especially at the beginning of a piece. The notes played are part of the chord played by the rest of the group. This first of five variations is somehow more tensed and emotional compare to the original theme in the movement. This is probably to underline â€Å"the Maiden† fright when she tries to escape â€Å"the Death† at the beginning of the poem. In the second variation, there is a lead singing part – the cello. It is interesting to see how this melody corresponds to the original theme, which can be seen on example five. Example 5 – Comparison between the cello part in the 2nd variation (above) and the original theme (underneath) The second violin provides a second voice, which supports the main tune. It is a unique accompaniment because of its multitasking. The dotted quavers form the supporting voice which was mentioned above, while the semi-quavers complete the first violin and the viola accompaniment roles, as it can be seen on example six. Example 6 – The unique, multitasking second violin part in the second variation. The role of the viola throughout this variation is to provide a strong base part. Schubert achieved that with very simple but incredibly effective rhythm – quaver, quaver rest and two quavers. This pattern repeats for twenty-four bars. The first violin part has an ornamental function again, likewise in the first variation. It can be said, that the harmonic patterns remains similar to these at the beginning of the piece, however, there are simply more notes played in this variation which is the reason for the more tensed and excited feelings. The third variation is an absolute shock for the listener. It is a kind of culmination of the feelings which have been building up so far in the movement. This variation is unlike any of the rest in terms of role playing of the four instruments. The key feature in the third variation is the rhythm which is presented mainly by the second violin and the viola, while still reminiscing about the main theme with all the quavers, as example seven shows. Example 7 – Strong rhythmic second violin and viola parts, which still reminisce about the main theme. The first violin and the cello have a similar job of playing big three-part chords later on, which create additional tension in the music. There is an interesting fact that the original theme and the previous two variations finished in the key of G major. In the third one, however, all four instruments resolve to a single G note. The composer surprises the listener again with the fourth variation. Having listened to the previous really tensed and exciting variation, Schubert introduces very light and beautiful music in G major. A similarity to the main theme has been found in this variation, as shown on example eight. Example 8 – Similar material in the fourth variation and the main theme. The first violin is playing an accompanying role again in this variation, but this time, so lyrical and smooth, that it can be described as a counter-melody. The last part of this variation is in C major, which is the first significant change of tonality so far in the movement. By going back to the more relaxed music in this variation, the composer hides the return to the home key of G minor perfectly, as he prepares the listener for the end of the movement. In this final fifth variation, the second violin and the viola play a version of the main theme which has been played in the first variation, but this time much more lyrically. Schubert uses some voice exchange between the two of them as well. This time the cello part has the job of providing the base. It is a very simple ostinato movement, but again, incredibly effective for the listener as example nine shows below. Example 9 – The ostinato movement of the cello in the last variation The first violin has a very limited part. Starts off with a very long G note, just to continue with a passage, which strongly emphasizes the G minor chord as shown on example ten. Example 10 – The first violin line at the beginning of the fifth variation Of particular interest is the note of the cello in bar one-hundred and thirty which is shown on example eleven. There, the cello reaches the lowest note of the whole piece. This note is greatly emotional for the listener, because this is the point where all the tension and excitement, which has been building up throughout the movement, finally resolves. Example 11 – Bar 130, where the cello reaches the lowest note in the piece The coda of this movement starts in bar one-hundred and forty-four. Schubert uses the material from sections B and C of the original theme. This can be seen in the parts of the second violin, viola and cello while the first violin part is more variative and ornamental then any of the other instruments. It is an interesting fact, that Schubert finishes this movement the same way he finishes the song, with a restatement of the introduction but this time in a major key. Having written more than six-hundred songs, Franz Schubert has a huge contribution to the developing of this genre. His creativeness as a song composer, of course pervade some of his instrumental music as well. It is very difficult to reproduce in great detail what the composer had in mind about his vocal and instrumental works, in order to the fact that the singing techniques and the instruments some two-hundred years ago were so different to what they are nowadays. An interesting fact is the use of slurs in Schubert’s instrumental music. He is the composer who has rarely written a slur which is longer than a string player could manage. The slurs in a string player part correspond to the breaths a singer would take. This proves that even when composing pieces for a string quartet or even a symphony, Schubert uses his vocal techniques all the time. (Montgomery, 2003, 11) Unlike the classical string quartets, the Schubert’s works can be described as â€Å"genuine† according to the violinist Louis Spohr. This means that there is no one leading part, as it used to be during the Classical era, but all four parts are equally important. Therefore, the first violin should not aim to distinguish himself above the other three players by style of delivery or strength of tone. (Montgomery, 2003, pp.12-13) In conclusion, the String Quartet in D minor, D. 810 is one of the greatest chamber music pieces in the classical repertoire nowadays. After listening to such music, the genius of Franz Schubert cannot be questioned in any way. There is a striking fact that, this piece was not published while the composer was still alive. Anyhow, this essay analysed the poem â€Å"Der Tod und das Madchen† by Mathias Claudius, the song â€Å"The Death and The Maiden† D. 531 and the second movement of the string quartet D. 810 by Franz Schubert, by exploring mainly harmony patterns and instrumental voice leading. The strong link between the song and each of the variations from the second movement of the string quartet with the poem by Mathias Claudius has been explained. Schubert himself, in an often-cited letter, refers to the String Quartet in A minor, D. 804 and the D. 810 in D minor as well as the Octet D. 803, in a specific context: â€Å"†¦ I intend to pave my way towards grand symphony in that manner †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Bandura-Skoda, 1982, 171). There can be no doubt that the D minor Quartet is really experimental and adventurous, which can easily be in the dimensions of the symphonic format in terms of cyclical form and expressive content. Bibliography: 1. Bandura-Skoda, E. Branscombe P. (eds.) (1982) ‘Schubert Studies: Problems of style and chronology’. Cambridge: University Press. pp. 1-25, 143-173, 327-347. 2. Brown, C. (2010) ‘Performing 19th- century chamber music: the yawning chasm between contemporary practice and historical evidence’. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 3. Montgomery, D. (2003) ‘Franz Schubert’s Music in Performance. Compositional Ideals, Notational Intent, Historical Realities, Pedagogical Foundations’. New York: Pedagogical Press. pp. 65-173. 4. Somervell, A. (1927) ‘Schubert: Quartet in D minor and Octet’. London: Humphrey Milford: Oxford University Press. pp. 5-30. 5. Rink, J. (ed.) (2002) ‘Musical Performance’, A Guide to Understanding. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Discography: 1. Schubert, F. String Quartets Nos. 13 and 14, â€Å"Death and the Maiden† (Alban Berg Quartet) EMI Classics, Compact disc, 0077774733359. 2. Schubert, F. String Quartet Nos. 10 and 14, â€Å"Death and the Maiden† (Britten Quartet) EMI Classics, Compact disc, 0724357327350. Music Scores: 1. Schubert, F., 1981, String Quartet in d minor: ‘Death and the Maiden’ D. 810, Eulenberg Edition, Leipzig. Music Score. 2. Schubert, F., 1989, String Quartet: ‘Death and the Maiden’ D. 810, Barrenreiter Edition, Kessel. Music Score. Web-sites: 1. Claudius, Matthias. Der Tod und das Mà ¤dchen / Death and the Maiden. Trans. Emily Ezust. The Lied and Art Song Texts Pages: Texts and Translations to Lieder (2007): http://www.recmusic.org/lieder.

understanding diabetes and its complications :: essays research papers

Understanding Diabetes and Its Complications   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  An estimated 16 million people in the United States have diabetes-more than one third are not aware that they have the disease. This year alone, more than 798,000 cases will be diagnosed. Diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death by disease in the United States; this year alone, more than 187,000 Americans will die from this disease and its complications (CDC). Education about diabetes is essential to understanding the disease and preventing its complications.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Diabetes mellitus is a chronic, systemic disturbance in the metabolism of carbohydrates, protein, and fat (ADA, Medical Management 3). The term diabetes derives from the Greek word which means â€Å"to go through a siphon.† Thus diabetes refers to the overproduction of urine known as polyuria. Mellitus comes from the Latin word mel (honey) and describes the sweet odor of the urine. Diabetes occurs when the beta cells of the pancreas fail to produce or secrete an adequate amount of insulin. Diabetes also effects the vascular and nervous system.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In order to understand diabetes, it is important to understand how we normally metabolize food. Our bodies are composed of millions of cells, and in order to function, these cells must create energy. This energy comes from glucose. Glucose is mainly obtained from food.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When we eat, food enters the digestive system and is broken down into glucose. The three components from which glucose is made are carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Carbohydrates convert 100% into glucose; protein converts 50-60%; and fat converts 10%. Once food is broken down into glucose, it can be absorbed in the blood and carried to the cells of the body. However, for glucose to enter the cells, insulin must be present.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Insulin is a hormone that regulates the entire absorption process. It acts like a key that can unlock the doors of the cell. Cells have receptor sites, like keyholes, that receive insulin. When insulin attaches to a receptor site, a passageway is created that enables glucose to enter the cell. Once glucose is absorbed in this manner, it can be immediately used for the use of energy or it can be stored as glycogen in the liver and muscle cells for future use. Excess glucose is converted into fat. The normal fasting glucose level is 70-100 mg/dl; after meals is 70-140 mg/dl.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are two classifications of diabetes. These are Type 1 and Type 2. In Type 1 diabetes, individuals have no insulin secretion, therefore they are prone to breaking down fat and having high ketone levels, which requires insulin injections to maintain life.

The Northern Spotted Owl Controversy :: essays research papers

The Northern Spotted Owl Controversy – Jobs Vs Environmental Protection Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The mere mention of the creature’s name brings shudders to loggers and some local inhabitants, fear over its existence has incited rallies, garnered the attention of three government agencies, and caused people to tie themselves to trees. On April 2, 1993, President Bill Clinton embarked on a quest to settle a long-standing battle. The environmentalists on one side, and their attempts to protect natural resources, and the timber industry’s desire for the same on the other. Unemployment and economic devastation was said to surely follow, due to the loss of timber industry jobs. No trees were allowed to be cut within 70 acres of The Northern Spotted Owl’s nest. Other laws protected trees in a 2,000-acre circle around the birds. Listed as â€Å"threatened† under the Endangered Species Act, the Northern Spotted Owl has inadvertently landed in the in middle of the complicated debate over logging in the Pacific Northwest. Under the Act, logging of many old-growth forests has been suspended to protect the bird and its remaining habitat. Survival of the Northern Spotted Owl   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Northern Spotted Owl can only live in old growth environment, it is considered an â€Å"indicator species†: The health of the Northern Spotted Owl population indicates the health of the old-growth forest ecosystem. An individual Northern Spotted Owl needs more than 3,000 acres of old growth to survive, because of its scarce food supply. The Northern Spotted Owl is found in the cool, moist woodlands on the Pacific Northwest. The habitat of the Northern Spotted Owl can be described as trees relatively large in diameter in the stand, multi-layered canopy, large tall live trees with cavities, broken tops, mistletoe, or platforms of branches capable of holding accumulated organic matter suitable for use as a nest, dead standing trees and fallen decayed trees to support abundant populations of prey species, especially northern flying squirrels and woodrats. The Timber Industry   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In May 1991, Federal District Judge William Dwyer issued a landmark decision finding that the Forest Service had violated the National Forest Management Act by failing to implement an acceptable management plan for the northern spotted owl. His decision forbade timber sales across the spotted owl region until the Forest Service implemented an acceptable plan. An injunction blocking timber sales in Northern Spotted Owl habitat affected 17 national forests in Washington, Oregon and Northern California.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The consequences for the rural economy in many areas of the Pacific Northwest were devastating.

Hitler Speech

My fellow Germans, recently I have been granted the privilege of Chancellor of Germany this January (1933). I am here to pick this Reich off its feet. With constant inflation and poor managing of the people, I will rescue this country. Thankfully, President Hindering realized what traits the best dictatorship obtained. I am the best for all the things I will achieve and how I will reshape and build this country. A leader is someone who directs people and leads them towards their goals. I promise to restore our pride.We need to be peaceful, yet brave, determined, and yet obedient. To my German boys, Joining the Nazi Party will help regain spirit for men. Also, for everyone, we can purify ourselves from those ho take advantage of food, shelter, water, people and everyone. As a whole we will be able to reclaim what we call nationalism. The feeling of richness and greatness cannot be felt if one does not know what it feels like to be hungry, starve, thirsty, homeless, poor, and no wanted . To reform Germany we have to make people realize what they take for granted dally.With the help of my allies, Mussolini and Stalin I can grant the ultimate force and retentions I promised. I can build the military up, proving another let down could not be possible. I trust my allies while adopting my fascist beliefs from Mussolini, being we share the same characteristics, In addition, as our nation attacks and invades other countries, formed by the Nazi, this will help grasp control over areas such as France and Belgium. Our land will continue to spread and expand. The need for this can bring in more people, building up our military and spreading nationalism.If anyone opposed my views as a Chancellor, believing In obedience, here will be consequences. These punishments Include of gas chambers, chemical Injections, concentration camps, and harsh treatments. I Insist you all to obey my beliefs and guidelines concluding you want to make this nation on top again. Taking this role I wi ll be sure to change the negative aspects of Germany. I will ensure you Germans that our military will be stronger, we will have more pride, money, and I will be docile whether your rich or poor. Becoming Chancellor of Germany was only the starting of this developing nation.Finally, I Doll Hitler will conquer all through each ND every belief and no one will stand before me to block that path, only help. I leave you with this; ‘Wall Widen Singe! † (We Will Conquer) Hitler Speech By Giordano 4 To reform Germany we have to make people realize what they take for granted daily. Nationalism. If anyone opposed my views as a Chancellor, believing in obedience, there will be consequences. These punishments include of gas chambers, chemical injections, concentration camps, and harsh treatments. I insist you all to obey my you with this; â€Å"Wire Widen Singe! † (We Will Conquer)

Sexual Practices of the Mangaia essays

Sexual Practices of the Mangaia essays Mangaia is an island in the South Pacific where sexual practices are much different than in the United States. In Mangaia girls are raised and encouraged and sleep with multiple partners. The usual expectation is for a girl to have 3 or 4 boyfriends from the time she is 13 until she is 20. Every woman is taught at a young age how to achieve an orgasm. Males on the other hand are taught at a young age how to bring a female to an orgasm through oral sex. At 13 when a boy has had his training and been told how to do things he is then given a sexual partner that is an older and experienced woman. This woman teaches the boy various sexual positions and techniques slow down the arrival of his orgasm until the woman is able to reach her orgasm first. This practice is very foreign to me. It does not really disgust me or anything like that but I could not imagine having someone sit down and explain how to do many of these things. When I was 13 I probably would have thought that it would be pretty cool to be given a girl and told to have sex with her. I think problems would arise however in deciding who the father of a child was if a girl with multiple partners had a baby. In the United States, most people would view this as unhealthy or unethical. Many people would claim this to be morally wrong. Pre-marital sex is seen by lots of people here as a disturbing practice. Encouraging your daughter to have sex and being proud of her for having multiple partners would be very uncommon in the US. Most Americans would see this practice as being gross or irresponsible on the parts of adults in the Mangaia society. ...

Free Essays on Meaning Of Thought

Can Descartes be certain that he is thinking? How? Can he be certain that he exists? How? (And who is he?) Descartes’ statement â€Å"I think therefore I exist† raises questions about the meaning of thought, the meaning of existence but most fundamentally, in what sense he can be certain. The difficulty in establishing the certainty of â€Å"I think† and â€Å"I exist† is that the two concepts are interrelated. Thus, for example, differing interpretations of what it is to think will have a profound impact on the question of whether Descartes can achieve the certainty of his existence. The success of his attempt to achieve certainty can be analysed in relation to how far he overcomes the universal doubt he has introduced in the first meditation. It is in this sphere of meaning that â€Å"I† becomes very relevant as it is possible to argue that his use of â€Å"I† demonstrates that his own interpretation of what is certain is partially based on intrinsically held beliefs. Williams describes the statement â€Å"I think† as indubitable. This is because â€Å"if anyone believes he is thinking or that he exists then necessarily he has a true belief.† Using the Cartesian method, the statement that â€Å"I think† is unique because it is the only premise that has the property of having its truth confirmed by the act of doubting it. Descartes demonstrates that he has found a statement that is not defeated by the possibility of a ‘malicious demon’ when he says â€Å"If I am in doubt, if I am entertaining the possibility that I might be deceived, then the very fact that I am around to entertain that doubt shows that I must exist†. Thus he is already assuming that his ability to entertain doubt, or â€Å"think† is certain, which based on the premise above, is a not unreasonable conclusion. Before further examining his assertion that he is thinking, the question of what Descartes means by thinking must be defined. In the simplest form, possible d... Free Essays on Meaning Of Thought Free Essays on Meaning Of Thought Can Descartes be certain that he is thinking? How? Can he be certain that he exists? How? (And who is he?) Descartes’ statement â€Å"I think therefore I exist† raises questions about the meaning of thought, the meaning of existence but most fundamentally, in what sense he can be certain. The difficulty in establishing the certainty of â€Å"I think† and â€Å"I exist† is that the two concepts are interrelated. Thus, for example, differing interpretations of what it is to think will have a profound impact on the question of whether Descartes can achieve the certainty of his existence. The success of his attempt to achieve certainty can be analysed in relation to how far he overcomes the universal doubt he has introduced in the first meditation. It is in this sphere of meaning that â€Å"I† becomes very relevant as it is possible to argue that his use of â€Å"I† demonstrates that his own interpretation of what is certain is partially based on intrinsically held beliefs. Williams describes the statement â€Å"I think† as indubitable. This is because â€Å"if anyone believes he is thinking or that he exists then necessarily he has a true belief.† Using the Cartesian method, the statement that â€Å"I think† is unique because it is the only premise that has the property of having its truth confirmed by the act of doubting it. Descartes demonstrates that he has found a statement that is not defeated by the possibility of a ‘malicious demon’ when he says â€Å"If I am in doubt, if I am entertaining the possibility that I might be deceived, then the very fact that I am around to entertain that doubt shows that I must exist†. Thus he is already assuming that his ability to entertain doubt, or â€Å"think† is certain, which based on the premise above, is a not unreasonable conclusion. Before further examining his assertion that he is thinking, the question of what Descartes means by thinking must be defined. In the simplest form, possible d...

12 Best Business Writing Books [Updated 2019]

12 Best Business Writing Books [Updated 2019] Because every business person needs to write well at work, there are hundreds of books specifically about business writing. I have a bookshelf and Kindle full of them because I read everything I can on this subject. Many business writing books are meh, and some are good. One problem with a book specifically devoted to business writing is that business writing is comprised of different elements of general writing. A specific business writing book can be formulaic and reductive. â€Å"Use this model† doesn’t work well when the information that goes into that model changes and requires discernment. These 12 books represent the best of the various elements that comprise good business writing. I recommend these books to clients in Instructional Solutions'business writing courses. BOOKS ON WRITING IN GENERAL How to Start, be Organized, and Not Panic 1.Bird by Bird by Anne Lamott This book is the most applicable to business writing and one of my favorite books. Anne Lamott is brilliant, funny, and breaks down the process of writing. Anything Anne Lamott writes is a joy to read. This excerpt reflects the essence: "Thirty years ago my older brother, who was ten years old at the time, was trying to get a report on birds written that he'd had three months to write. It was due the next day. We were out at our family cabin in Bolinas, and he was at the kitchen table close to tears, surrounded by binder paper and pencils and unopened books on birds, immobilized by the hugeness of the task ahead. Then my father sat down beside him, put his arm around my brother's shoulder, and said, 'Bird by bird, buddy. Just take it bird by bird.'" How to Extract the Essence 2.The Writing Life by Annie Dillard A little esoteric, but no one is better than extracting the essential core of a concept than Annie Dillard. Her advice in this book is the heart of writing an executive summary statement well. She also explores the joy and heartbreak of writing well. BOOKS ON WRITING STYLE Best How-to-Write Book 3.On Writing Well by William Zinsser This book is the classic guide on effective non-fiction writing. If I had to choose only one book to read to improve business writing, it would be this one. It will help readers write better and understand how to improve what they’ve already written. Best Current Style Book 4.The Sense of Style by Steven Pinker Its subtitle is â€Å"The Thinking Person’s Guide to Writing in the 21st Century.† Pinker is a Harvard lecturer and a master linguist. His writing is very entertaining. He takes a â€Å"descriptivist† approach to grammar, rather than a â€Å"prescriptivist,† by advocating clear language and breaking grammar rules when needed. This book is a must read for contemporary business writers, but in business writing I recommend staying with grammar rules unless clarity requires a break. Many business readers might pounce on a grammar â€Å"error,† not realizing that breaking the convention actually improves meaning. The Classic Book of Style and Clarity 5.The Elements of Style by Strunk and White This little book has been the bible of style for over 50 years for a good reason. Be sure to read a later version that is edited by E.B. White, also, as it’s more comprehensive than William Strunk’s first edition. Best Book to Cut Bloat 6.Why Business People Speak Like Idiots by Brian Fugere Published in 2005, this book is still sadly very relevant. Business writing is drowning in jargon and meaningless buzzwords that obscure real information. It identifies four strategies to cut the bloat. hbspt.cta._relativeUrls=true;hbspt.cta.load(41482, '39de76fa-b005-4d0a-9136-a9a423513681', {}); Best to Improve Sentence Construction 7.It Was the Best of Sentences, It Was the Worst of Sentences by June Casagrande Strong sentences build strong documents. This book beautifully deconstructs clear sentences. This book is a wickedly funny, no-nonsense guide. Best Grammar Book 8.Eats, Shoots, and Leaves: The Zero Approach to Punctuation by Lynne Truss Who knew grammar and punctuation could be so funny? This best-selling book is an impassioned manifesto, complete with amusing error examples (dead sons photos may be released). Truss leans more to the prescriptivist school of grammar than the descriptivist, which matches business writing requirements. STYLE GUIDES Best for Templates and General Guides 9.The Business Writer’s Handbook by Gerald Alred, Walter Oliu, and Charles Brusaw Very useful for models and overall business writing standards. If You Have a Website or Publish Internal Information to Staff 10.The Associated Press Stylebook 2019 The definitive style guide to use if you publish anything on the web. It is regularly updated. The 2019 version is now available and has an updated section on gender considerations. Best for Current and Evolving Usage 11.Garner’s Modern English Usage, 4th Edition An invaluable desk reference for grammar and usage. It has recently been expanded and covers both American and British usage. It’s especially useful for the evolution of new words and their usage. Most Comprehensive 12.The Gregg Reference Manual, 11th Edition Traditionally, the Gregg Reference Manual has been the style guide of choice for business writers. It’s easy to navigate and depth of coverage is unmatched. The Associated Press Stylebook is now often a business’s standard guide, but Gregg has information not found in other guides. What books about business writing have helped you? Please share in comments!

Employment Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Employment Law - Essay Example The terms and conditions also stated that he would get minimum of 20 sessions with the members of the company. Regarding health facilities, the company did not provide him with sick pay, and in case of absence due to ill health, he had to substitute himself with one of the company’s other trainers with prior permission from the company. The company did not entitle him to membership of the company’s pension scheme and was responsible for paying his own taxes and National Insurance. However, one fine day Tom was shocked to receive the termination letter from the company ending the contract with the Unfit Ltd. stating his continuous poor performance as the reason. According to the United Kingdom’s Employment Rights Act, 1996, all employees are supposed to have an employment contract with their employer, either in written or oral. It is further clarified that there is an express contract between employee and employer in case of no written contract is created, which m akes Tom and his employer liable to the employment rights act and mandates both the parties to follow the rules and regulation specified in the law (www.direct.gov.uk). There are few points for consideration on behalf of Tom on the basis of which he can make a claim for unfair dismissal from Unfit Ltd. Notice Period According to Employment Rights Act 1996, Sec. ... diate effect without prior notice is the only point which has can be put before tribunal for claim (www.legislation.gov.uk) As the reason specified by the Unfit Ltd, gym club is the ‘persistent poor job performance’, it is further clarified that even in the absence of written statements of terms and conditions of employment, an employee working for one month is liable to receive not less than one week of notice, unless dismissed for gross misconduct. The brief facts of the case does not mention the Tom’s period of employment and his date of ending the contract with Unfit Ltd. Tom has been employed for more than three years with the company, making him liable for receiving of termination notice from his employer for at least three weeks in advance, according to Sec 86 (1) (b) (www.legislation.gov.uk).. However, it has to be mentioned that termination in the contract is fair if the reason relates to the conduct of the employee under Sec. 98 (2) (b) which empowers th e employer to terminate the employee for its bad conduct or ‘poor job performance’. Even though the company has the right to terminate employee under section 98 (2) (b), it is necessary to give prior notice to the employee informing and explaining the reasons for his termination, three weeks in advance as mentioned in Sec. 86 (1) (b) (www.legislation.gov.uk). Since the employer, Unfit Ltd, gym club has not given any advance notice before immediate termination; Tom has the right to make a claim for unfair dismissal before Employment Tribunal under Employment Rights (Dispute Resolution) Act 1998 (www.legislation.co.uk). Further an employee is entitled to ask for a written statement from the employer stating the reasons of termination which is governed under Employment Rights Act 1996 under Sec. 92 (1)

My Left Foot Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

My Left Foot - Essay Example They have been treated like a burden and nuisance. To a certain extent, they are deprived of caring, which they must deserve. I strongly feel that this kind of situation is unjust for all of those who are handicapped. They are not treated as decent as a normal human being should, which is already unjust and unacceptable because it is ethically and morally wrong. On the other hand, there are moments where Christy is treated like he is a major spectacle. People would clamour towards him. I felt that people are fascinated about his condition. However, there are instances that people abused him and took advantage of him due to his crippled and incompetent state. People made fun of him. This is quite frustrating because of the insensitivity and inconsideration about his situation. There are moments that handicapped people might do something that is spectacular but it is even unfair for them to be objects of entertainment. It might be good to applaud these handicaps of what they can do but it is not fair for them to be treated as such because it appears quite tokenistic. I daresay it is tokenistic in that case due to the fact that people just recognize that good and plausible things that these handicapped people are capable of doing. What seems to be more problematic, in terms of my perspective, is that those people, who have enjoyed upon seeing such, have not done anything tangible to help these handicapped people to improve their conditions further. This is something that struck me in the whole process of watching the film due to the virtuosity of the actors and actresses to show the pain and madness; the frustrations and delight. In the end, I realized that I have not shown so much care, compassion and sensitivity to the handicapped people. I do felt that I have a responsibility to help them in any way possible.

Time Warner and Comcast Merger Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Time Warner and Comcast Merger - Essay Example This paper highlights that the main impediment of this merger according to the U.S regulators is the fear that the company would create a business that is well aware that clients have no other choices than to the poor provision of customer service as well as increased rates knowing there are no options out there. In any case, this is one of the fundamental concerns with any establishment of a monopoly where the US regulators will carry the ultimate decision.   This research study outlines that the strategy taken is a well conceived strategy which creates a moat or what is known as barriers to entry. The reason for their opinion are based   on barriers to entry which entail competitive advantages such as economies to scale and the net network effects, captivity of customers, proprietary technology as well as government advocacy. This situation is not an accident as some people may explain but a strategic step created to achieve economies of scale and achieve customer captivity. Si nce the merger has the objective of saving on costs for the customers of both firms, this will make the barriers to entry very high.  The situation cannot be termed as being created to destroy value through acquisitions. The value of the companies or competition cannot be destroyed.   If the internet providers were to be left on their own, they would charge high prices given that they experience no oversight or face competition. The merger has the intentions of providing the customers with more efficient services.

The 10 basic tasks of the strategy execution process Assignment

The 10 basic tasks of the strategy execution process - Assignment Example Furthermore, a well-staffed organization thrives well in its undertakings. The recruiting department is supposed to balance such that it is composed of skilled, semi- skilled and unskilled workers. The leadership of HCZ should ensure that they specify the role of each employee in executing the plans for the welfare of the children. Therefore, ones the staff is employed, he or she should work towards achieving the set goals of the organization. However, the element of age should also be taken care of while hiring new employees; however, it is need not to be a discriminating factor (Syrett 87). The priority should go to the energetic and committed employees. In the staff organization, there should be specialization and division of labor. So that one can specialized where he or she is well conversant. Moreover, it will reduce boredom in the work of which will be for the benefit of the children. A strong leadership to HCZ will provide the sense of vision and direction so as to ensure the progress of the development of HCZ. Professional certification is important to the leaders of HCZ to equip them with the skills for the formulation of the strategy and their implementation. The leaders of HZC should not only give the sense of direction, but they should also have the children at heart. With such spirit, they can go an extra mile for the benefit of the vulnerable children instead of serving their interest. The leadership of HZC should embrace dialog and democratic leadership. The sharing of the ideas is important to the organization because leaders cannot learn alone, but they should also respect the opinions of those who work under them. The execution of the plans can never be possible without resources. The resources can be human resources and capital resources. The capital resources help in the daily running of the welfares of the organization. All the departments in HCZ should get funds to facilitate the

Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 10

Strategic Management - Essay Example New entrants in the market, suppliers outsourcing, and operational competitiveness through adopting new technologies like e-supply chain & efficient inventory management resulted into decrease in market share for JZ Benny. Due to these changes, JZ appointed new CEO from rival company with a view to follow and adopt those policies, which competitors are adopting to succeed in the market. New CEO adopted the policy of reduction of management and other staff & even curtailment in employee’s facilities has not resulted into revival of the company. These steps rather resulted apprehensions about job security among employees’. Though CEO had reorganized the JZ and adopted flatter structure and also invested heavily in RFID (Radio Frequency identification), altered outsourcing agencies and; locations but failed to bailout JZ Benny. This situation created an opportunity for market leader Mr. McQueen for possible acquisition of JZ Benny but competition commission laws prohibited it. In the mean time JZ Benny appointed a new CEO John Hammond to revive the JZ Benny. He noticed that negligible cash reserves; more overdraft and low share prices are the major constraints for the revival of the organization. Strategy development is about ‘fit’; that is identifying opportunities in the environment and building strategy by matching resources capabilities to those opportunities. Other argues that the resources and competences of organizations are what are most important because they explain differences between organizations, potential uniqueness and therefore superior performance. They take a stretch view arguing that strategies should be built on the unique competences and resources of organizations, by seeking out market in which such competences have special value or by trying to create new markets on the basis of such competences. There are other considerations too. Organizations have different stakeholders

The 10 basic tasks of the strategy execution process Assignment

The 10 basic tasks of the strategy execution process - Assignment Example Furthermore, a well-staffed organization thrives well in its undertakings. The recruiting department is supposed to balance such that it is composed of skilled, semi- skilled and unskilled workers. The leadership of HCZ should ensure that they specify the role of each employee in executing the plans for the welfare of the children. Therefore, ones the staff is employed, he or she should work towards achieving the set goals of the organization. However, the element of age should also be taken care of while hiring new employees; however, it is need not to be a discriminating factor (Syrett 87). The priority should go to the energetic and committed employees. In the staff organization, there should be specialization and division of labor. So that one can specialized where he or she is well conversant. Moreover, it will reduce boredom in the work of which will be for the benefit of the children. A strong leadership to HCZ will provide the sense of vision and direction so as to ensure the progress of the development of HCZ. Professional certification is important to the leaders of HCZ to equip them with the skills for the formulation of the strategy and their implementation. The leaders of HZC should not only give the sense of direction, but they should also have the children at heart. With such spirit, they can go an extra mile for the benefit of the vulnerable children instead of serving their interest. The leadership of HZC should embrace dialog and democratic leadership. The sharing of the ideas is important to the organization because leaders cannot learn alone, but they should also respect the opinions of those who work under them. The execution of the plans can never be possible without resources. The resources can be human resources and capital resources. The capital resources help in the daily running of the welfares of the organization. All the departments in HCZ should get funds to facilitate the

Managerial Economics - Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Managerial Economics - Questions - Essay Example 2. Advertising – advertising your own business requires a lot of money since it is expensive. However, franchisees do not need to worry about advertising their business because advertisement campaigns are already included in the fee that was paid by the franchisee and when the mother company advertises its products it normally carries all franchise outlets. 3. Name Recognition – most consumers nowadays buy products with brand names since it gives an assurance of quality. Most franchise outlets carry the name of well known companies with branded products that are trusted by consumers, and so they often patronize franchises. 4. Reputation – a franchisee also enjoys the protected reputation of the franchisor because lawsuits and other legalities, which may occur, would be taken care of the franchisor’s legal department. Franchisors will always look after their franchises in order to maintain their good status. 5. Support – when an individual invests in a franchise he is given the full support by the franchisor by providing technical know-how, skill, training in accounting and equipment. Support is always given to attain elevated success ratios in order to be able to sell more franchises. Corporate culture is the organization’s way of life and is an important factor in the success of an organizational architecture. Organizational architecture mainly survives in a corporate culture which possesses the following qualities (Blumenthal, n.d.): a) A team that functions as one; b) Has information sharing policy; c) Values the growth and success of its personnel; d) Puts more importance to consistency rather than hi-tech demarcation; e) Observes and respects authority; f) Measures performance output through hands-on management and is more on result-oriented people. By properly analyzing the corporate way of life, the organization architecture would be able to appraise the essential factors that

Fight Club Essay Example for Free

Fight Club Essay The 1999 film, Fight Club, is controversial in the sense that it can be interpreted at a superfluity of angles. However, the effectiveness of the final scene to reflect the narrator’s catharsis is indisputable as it is accompanied by the song â€Å"Where is My Mind† by The Pixies. The song itself is vital to the ending scene and ultimately the entire film. The lyrics are significant to the narrator’s inner turmoil, not only throughout the film, but also at the concluding moment and the auditory elements parallel the events and emotions of the concluding scene. Fight Club centers around an unnamed narrator who projects his unconscious identity as a separate character, Tyler Durdin. Tyler frees the narrator from his former pretenses of life regarding society through self destruction. The narrator burns his house, quits his job, and beings to live recklessly, seemingly by coincidence. He subconsciously rids himself of all worldly possessions. Together, Tyler and the narrator form Fight Club an underground group that thrives on destruction of themselves and government establishments. As the narrator gets weaker and less powerful, Tyler gets stronger and better looking, symbolizing his strengthening id. Towards the end of the film, the narrator comes to the realization that he is Tyler. The ending scene puts the narrator and Marla, a woman with whom he has an on again-off again relationship, at the highest story of a city building, holding hands and watching the city collapse around them. The music as it appears in the final scene is essential to the conclusion of the film The lyrics, â€Å"where is my mind,† plays at the very closing moment. The words reflect the state of the character’s mind during the entire film and especially at the final scene. As he rids himself of all superficiality and society’s values, he is freed from his dangerous alter ego and his apparent schizophrenia and left with an open mind. â€Å"Where is my mind,† speaks to the separation between his conscious and subconscious into two people as well as his newfound freedom from materiality. The narrator experiences a â€Å"rebirth† from his prior lifestyle into pure existentialism, a state of being where he is now able to award meaning to his life, rather than society assigning meaning. The auditory elements of the song run parallel to the occurrences of the concluding scene. The song features loud, aggressive, and disharmonic music which is comparable to the city’s crashing buildings and demolition. There is a melodic undertone of chorus voices singing which is reflective of the narrator and Marla’s calmness and almost happiness, it seems, during the outside devastation.

Using The Case Scenario Of Bertram Family Social Work Essay

Using The Case Scenario Of Bertram Family Social Work Essay Part 1: Indicate two sociological theories that can be used to help your understanding of the service users situation In taking the time to observe how sociological and psychological influences may impact on a service user or client group, the social worker can remain mindful of the wider context of a situation and not just take what she sees at face value. This knowledge allows the social worker to remain objective and to make informed decisions in order to maintain professionalism in her work. By applying Sociological and Psychological theory to the Bertrams case study I aim to explore the wider social context, outside influence and psychological implications from the past and present. Through this exploration I will uncover the varying viewpoints and sometimes contradictory nature of these theories. To gain a Sociological perspective on the case study I will be applying Functionalist and Feminist theories. I will be able to scrutinise the Bertrams current situation and apply the theory in order to gain a wider understanding of the social context. In order to maintain a balanced viewpoint, Psychod ynamic theory and Maslows hierarchy will enable me to consider the psychological impact with a focus on human and emotional development. By examining a situation from a Sociological perspective we can take into account how various aspects such as class, social structure, religion, disability can impact people from a wider social context. This is essential in gaining a holistic picture the situation. Functionalism By applying a Macro theory to the case scenario it allows us to look at the large scale features of society and how individual actions affect society as a whole and vice versa. Functionalism will enable me to contemplate the structure of society and how the Bertrams fit within that structure. Functionalist theorists regard society as a system with interlocking parts. It is believed that each part needs to function effectively in order for society, as a system, to work as a whole. It is often rationalised using biological analogy. The social role of individuals is an integral part of the theory. Each person is thought to have their individual role to play within society. From a functionalist perspective it is very clear that Mrs Bertram is not fulfilling her role as a wife. Due to her alzemers she is unable to carry out the duties that would have been expected of her. Durkheim believed that everyone had their place, and a womans place was in the home. In the context of the 40s, 50s wh en Functionalism was at its peak, this viewpoint would not have been uncommon, if a little out-dated by todays standards. None the less, it is not through choice that she has become dysfunctional within society. She has legitimate claim for not being able to carry out her societal role and Functionalism would automatically see her take on the sick role. This would enable her to function again within the system under a different guise. It could also be observed that Mr Bertram is a dysfunctional member of society. With his reckless behaviour, his outrageous spending, and the lack of care for his wifes basic needs he is no longer fulfilling his role of husband. A main proponent of Functionalism was Emile Durkheim (1858-1917). He saw marital vows as obligations. When I perform my duties as a brother, a husband or a citizen and carry out the commitments I have entered into, I fulfil obligations which are defined in law and custom which are external to myself and my actions (Durkheim, 1982). He believed that if a member of society was deemed as dysfunctional, then he was considered to be a deviant member of society. Deviance occurs when people are not functioning correctly, according to the norm. This could be through crime, or anything which affects their ability to carry out their societal role. Deviance needs to be controlled or managed. If it was established that Mr Bertram was in fact deviant then he may need some persuading that by providing the care and attention that his wife needs his wife would not be removed from the situation. Through this resolution, therefore, they would both be able to function appropriately. It could be observed that Mr Bertram had an alcohol dependency. If this was established then Mr Bertram too may take on the sick role. In which case a different method for resolving the issues within the house would need to be adopted. Talcott Parsons (1902-1979) believed that sickness was a social concept rather than a biological concept. So being ill meant acting in different, deviant ways to the norm. Being sick was therefore a form of social role (Haralambos and Holborn, 2004). Parsons believed the rights of a sick person to be exemption from normal social obligations, the right to be looked after and blamed for their social deviance as long as they were genuinely sick. Obligations of a person playing the sick role would be to understand that they have to get well as soon as possible in order to continue their normal function and in order to do this they must receive professional help. Mr Bertrams condition would need to be treated or managed in order to enable him to function ag ain. In that case Mr and Mrs Bertram would be able to stay at home under treatment and the issues about care could be dealt with accordingly. He would no longer be considered deviant member of society. A criticism of the sick role would be that it is very difficult to apply to long term illness like that of Mrs Bertram. It is built on the assumption that the person gain help in order to gain function. This would not be possible for Mrs Bertram. Feminism From a Radical Feminist perspective it could be observed that Mrs Bertram has been oppressed by her husband. Through her devotion and his dominance she has succumb to subordination. Radical Feminists use the patriarchal social system as a concept to explain gender inequality. Patriarchy is the dominance of men over women in society. They view men as responsible for the exploitation of women from which they benefit greatly, through free domestic labour, sexual duties and so on. The case study describes how Mrs Bertram was swept off of her feet and totally devoted to Mr Bertram. In their current situation, Mrs Bertram is at home in squalled conditions and desperately in need of help. Mr Bertram is avoiding the situation by using diversionary tactic, selfishly seeking social activity and pleasure through drink. This further increases her oppression as she is fully dependent on her husband to provide the care and attention which she is desperately in need of. Shulamith Firestone, an early radical feminist writer argues that men control womens roles in re-production and child bearing. Because women are biologically able to give birth to children, they become more dependent materially on men for protection and livelihood (Giddens, 2006). Feminists could argue that for this reason Mrs Bertram has become vulnerable within her setting and just accepts this way of life. Jessie Bernard argued that Men need marriage more than women (pg 208 Gender). Perhaps this reliance on the domestic labour, comfort and sexual duties of a wife, which has been lost my Mr Bertram through his wifes condition is attributing to his behaviour. Mrs Bertram is no longer fulfilling her duties as a wife and this could be disrupting his routine. It would appear that Mr Bertram has never had to control the household, take care of his wife or finances, and may lack the ability or may simply consider it beneath him. It could affect his masculinity to have to carry out such c hores and duties believed to be part of a womans role. This may also be the reason why he is reluctant to accept help with the situation. He may feel he is being barraged and dictated to by his step daughters which may be resulting in a greater defiance. It is not clear from the case study, the nature of their relationship either. He may feel that family and professionals are undermining his authority as head of the household. Mr Bertram may be compensating for his lack of masculinity at home, by using his social appearance, bravado, drinking and defiance. This time away from the house for him may reaffirm his role as a dominant male within society whilst his dominant role as a man disappears at home. He no longer has command over his wife, no longer gets respect, adoration that he was once used to. Men are considered to have more influence within society; Mr Bertram has no influence over this situation or over his wife. Part 2: Using the scenario describe two psychological theories that can be used to help your understanding of the service users situation Humanistic theory Maslows hierarchy of needs Humanistic psychologist Abraham Maslow (1908 1970) argued that humans throughout life not only want to have their basic survival needs met they strive for more in terms of personal growth. He believed that once basic needs for survival had been met that human development progressed toward higher psychological needs. He argued that people are motivated by the conscious desire for personal growth (Rathus, 2004). Maslow believed what separated us from our so-called lower animals was our capacity for self-actualisation (Rathus,2004). He believed that this self- actualisation was as important as basic needs but could not be met unless other stages of human needs were completed. He organised these stages into the hierarchy of needs, often presented in pyramid format. Each stage must be satisfied in order to progress to the next. At the bottom of the hierarchy are physiological needs. These are the basic human needs we all have in order to survive, like food, water, shelter, oxygen. Once t he first basic need has been satisfied, the following stage is safety needs, the need for security. The following stage in the hierarchy is love and belonging; the need to give and receive love, to overcome loneliness and achieve a sense of belonging in life. The fourth stage is Esteem needs; to feel self-confident, respected and not to feel inferior. Self-actualisation is the final stage in the hierarchy and can only be reached when all foregoing needs are satisfied and the person feels he has achieved everything he wants to in life and is the best that he can be. In the case of the Bertrams it is clear that Mrs Bertram is currently not even meeting the bottom of Maslows hierarchy of needs. It is noted that their flat is in an appalling state, she is unable to feed herself and left on her own for most of the day. You would expect most of her needs to be met within the context of her marriage to Mr Bertram; however, since he has neglected his role as a husband, he has placed her in a position of significant danger. Since not even her basic physiological needs are being met in the current situation then at present there would not be an opportunity to progress through the hierarchy of needs. If Mrs Bertram was placed in residential care then her physiological needs would be met. She would have food, water and care of her basic needs. She could then perhaps progress to the following stage of safety. She would no longer be at risk of hurting herself and she would be in a more secure environment. Although it could be argued that for an advance Alzheimers sufferer, the unfamiliar setting would disorientate her and she might not actually feel secure there. Because of her diagnosis, Mrs Bertram is unlikely to meet the third stage of love and belongingness. Her advanced Alzheimers may mean that she fails to recognise her husband, family members and have a declining ability to communicate. Mrs Bertram would never reach self-actualisation. The best that could be achieved would be basic survival and safety needs, whether this was achieved at home with the compliance of her husband, or in residential care. Although it could be debated that residential care would not be the best opt ion. As the GP states in the case scenario, a move to residential care might well kill Mrs Bertram. It would appear from the case scenario that Mr Bertrams basic needs are being fulfilled. However it is uncertain as to whether his s safety and security needs are being met. He certainly would not get a sense of love and belonging from his wife, in the latter stages of sever dementia. I would observe, however, there is some attempt from Mr Bertram to achieve a sense of self-esteem, since he spends the majority of his time with his compatriots at the golf club. It is clear that in this relationship and the current situation faced by the Bertrams that he too has no way of reaching self-actualisation. Maslow observes that it is mainly social factors that hinder the personal growth of humans. Potentially at least the first two stages of Maslows hierarchy could be reached within the context of their marriage, with the right services in place. Psychodynamic theory Through the Psychodynamic theory of personality we could speculate about Mr Bertrams past and how that has influence on his behaviour in the present. It would be difficult to achieve a comprehensive result in regards to Mrs Bertram because of her Alzheimers. Since her behaviour is wholly attributed to her condition. Studying Sigmund Freuds (1856 1939) theories, with a focus on psychosexual development, would be the most relevant to apply to the case scenario. Psychodynamic theory had been developed and evolved over the years. Freuds idea of Psychodynamic theory depicted humans as largely driven by unconscious motives and desires. He proclaimed that humans come into conflict when their basic instincts come up against social pressure to follow, laws or moral codes. At first this conflict is external, but as we develop it becomes internalised (Rathus, 2004). Freud explains the conflict of personality using psychic structures. The id, which Freud believed is present at birth and located in the unconscious mind, and revolves around our basic biological drives and instincts. It operates on what Freud called the pleasure principle. It demands instant gratification regardless of laws or moral rules. Another feature in the structure of personality is the ego. Formed from the id, developed through learni ng and experience. This is the part where conscious thought takes place (Beckett and Taylor, 2010). The ego operates on the reality principle. This takes into consideration what is practical and possible in gratifying needs (Rathus, 2004). When the ego senses improper impulses arsing it can sometimes deploy a number of defence mechanisms. The third psychic structure is the superego. This is formed throughout early childhood and is developed through standards, values, parenting and moral standards. Psychodynamic theory emphasises the way in which the mind stimulates behavior, and both mind and behavior influence and are influenced by the persons social environment (Payne, 2005) Freud believed there were four stages in psychosexual development. The first stage took place during the first year of a childs life. This is known as the oral stage. Much of the childs development is explored by putting things into the mouth and sucking, biting chewing. Freud believed it was possible to have arrested development through trauma. And be fixated on one of the stages. From the case study we could surmise that Mr Bertram is fixated on the oral stage of psychosexual development through his drinking. We could speculate that he may have had a significant trauma at that stage which has left him with a possible alcohol dependency, thus fixated on the oral stage. It could perhaps be identified that Mr Bertram is using psychological defence mechanisms in order to avoid the situation that he is currently facing. Part 3: Reflect on your own background describe it and indicate 1 sociological and 1 psychological theory that can be applied to you, giving examples The relationship I have with my father has often been fraught, difficult and tense. As a sufferer of a severe mental disorder, my father has often displayed irrational, delusional, paranoid and sometimes violent behaviour. Throughout his life he has had frequent hospitalisation. For me this is something I have grown up with and am used to dealing with on a day to day basis. I am acutely aware of how our relationship differs to that of my friends for example. I have as close a relationship as possible with him, and to that end I usually bear the brunt of his paranoia and aggression when he is unwell. I have witnessed first-hand the stigma attached to mental illness. I find it extremely difficult to trust anyone enough to tell them about the situation, and I strongly feel I shouldnt have to tell everyone that meets him, this only leads to labelling him as mentally ill, thus changing the way in which they treat him; which only compounds his paranoia. Some Sociological theorists believe that mental illness is a social construction in order to rationalise bizarre or irrational behaviour that cannot be in any other way explained. This is known as labelling theory. Scheff (1966) argued that people are labelled as mentally ill because their behaviour does not make sense to others. Scheff points out that labelling of a person as mentally ill is facilitated by stereotyped imagery learned in early childhood and continually reaffirmed, inadvertently, in ordinary social interaction and through the mass media. Thus, when a persons violation of social norms or deviance becomes a public issue, the traditional stereotype of crazy person is readily adopted both by those reacting to the deviant person and, often, by the deviant person as well (Lamb. 2002). Erving Goffman suggests that when someone is labelled as mentally ill then they are treated differently. When an interaction takes place with that person it is with this knowledge of the menta l illness, therefore creating what Goffman called a spurious interaction (Haralambos and Holborn, 2004). From a behaviourist view, Schizophrenia could be viewed as a kind of learned behaviour. From this perspective, people engage in schizophrenic behaviour when it is more likely to be reinforced than normal behaviour (Rathus, 2004). This could be the result of being raised in an unrewarding or punitive situation. It could also be observed that this kind of behaviour is reinforced within the hospital setting, where the schizophrenic behaviour is reinforced through attention from professionals within that setting. Cognitive theory argues that behavior is affected by perception or interpretation of the environment during the process of learning. Apparently inappropriate behavior must therefore arise from misinterpretation. Therapy tries to correct the misunderstanding, so that our behavior reacts appropriately to the environment (Payne, 2006) I believe the experiences I have had with my father give me the ability to understand mental illness without stigmatising. It also helps me empathise with the sufferer and the family. An empathetic approach to someone who was hearing voices for example, would be to understand that to the person affect, they are very real. I fully understand the importance of having the right services in place in order for that person to thrive. My experience allows me to observe the wider context of a situation and realise that it is not only the primary sufferer of the condition that is affected. The wider family needs to be considered as they have a huge role to play in the well-being of the person concerned.

A preliminary assessment of the Survey of the Gaelic :: Scottish Gaelic dialectology

Scottish Gaelic dialectology: A preliminary assessment of the Survey of the Gaelic Dialects of Scotland Between 1994 and 1997, the transcribed questionnaires of the Survey of the Gaelic Dialects of Scotland were published as a five-volume series (O Dochartaigh 1994- 97), presenting narrow phonetic transcriptions of over 200 speakers responding to a fortypage questionnaire. This publication marks the culmination of a project of nearly fifty years’ duration; the main body of the interviews took place between 1950 and 1970 across much of the Scottish mainland as well as the Western Isles. In many cases, some of the very last Gaelic speakers in a particular region were interviewed, and we thus have transcribed material—and some audio recordings—of dialects that are now practically extinct. Naturally, the historic quality of these transcribed and audio records renders them all the more valuable for close study. This paper will assess the current state of Scottish Gaelic dialect study, with a particular focus on the Survey’s current and future contributions. Designed in 1950 by Kenneth Jackson to elicit data informing phonetic and phonological questions of both regional and historical interest, the original Survey focused on pronunciation variation, providing limited information on morphology (although see especially O Maolalaigh1999), and virtually none on syntactic variation or lexical choice. With the publication of the Survey’s â€Å"raw data† in the form of unanalyzed narrow transcriptions, it is appropriate now to ascertain what we can learn from the published material. However, in the approximately 50 years since the fieldwork for the Survey was begun, methods, goals, and principles of dialect study have changed dramatically (cf. Kretzschmar 1996); furthermore, advances in media technologies have enabled linguists to analyze and to present data in compelling new ways (cf. Kretzschmar & Konopka 1996). In recent years there has been an important move towards a discipline-wide agreement on â€Å"best practices† for dialect study, language data management, and the presentation of data and analysis (cf. â€Å"Methods XI† Conference on Methods in Dialectology, August 2002, Joensuu, Finland; the E-MELD website and affiliated work; the Linguistic Data Archiving Project at CNRS, etc). The presentation will conclude with a discussion of desiderata for Scottish Gaelic dialect study, and for the presentation and analysis of Gaelic dialect data.

Homelessness as a social problem Essay

Homelessness is a social problem and is the condition of people who lack regular housing. Homeless people are often considered to have little necessities such as food, shelter, money or medical help. They would usually spend their night uncomfortably on the streets or temporarily in a hostel. Some people may reside in their friends house on a sofa or on their floor with a blanket. Some of the factors why people become homeless are due to domestic violence, relationship breakdown, fleeing persecution from another country, drugs and alcohol misuse,family disputes and mental health problems. Another common reason why people are homeless is that they cannot keep a steady job, therefore they cannot pay for their rent or they cannot pay their bills so resort to being homeless. Some people receive little income from their jobs which is not enough for them to pay all the bills or buy enough food or get themselves any clothes. Homeless people would turn to begging on the streets to provide so me money for themselves and purchase the little food they can get with the money. Birmingham last year is said to have had the highest number of people homeless in the country with figures reaching to 925 households.Homelessness can be caused by physical or sexual abuse from their families and so they may choose to run away and seek refuge on the streets. For homeless people, there are the good days and the bad days.The good days include the homeless getting reasonable amount of money in which they may receive 10 pounds by panhandling an hour. The bad days involve inflation or recession in which case they would receive very little and undergo starvation for the night. Some Homeless people may find other ways overcoming the problem of homelessness; one of which is going to prison. This way they will receive accommodation and enough food for them to eat which prevents them from starving.

Ethan Frome and Feminism Essay

Ethan Frome is the main subject of the book Ethan Frome. Ethan’s wife Zeena from Ethan Frome represents middle class women. For a long time, social roles of women in the society and within the family were limited by gender stereotypes and social norms dominated since prehistory in a myriad of cultures. These norms were closely connected and influenced by class location of women and their social status. The following paper will focus on the main characters Zeena, Mattie and Ethan of Ethan Frome and their presentation as literary characters and their attributes of the real world struggle for feminism. It is with Zeena and Mattie that the story hinges upon an idea of the lifestyle of women during this time period and the needs which they staunched through patriarchy. The paper will focus on how the values of this time period did not leave room for independent women and the reaction of women to this societal assignment will also be analyzed. In the work, Ethan Frome by Edith Wharton the author explores questions concerning the role of social class and social position in life of ordinary people especially in reference to the gap between women and men in reference to equality. The female characters are influenced by false social values and traditions accepted by society’s mores, but their ‘awakening’ is caused by different events and life circumstances, so they choose different methods to resist social oppression and tyranny. The dissection of women’s social roles and their ability to traverse these roles will be examined through character analysis of the literature mentioned. Ethan’s story is told, or discovered by the reader when the narrator becomes fascinated by the history of this lone man who comes into town to pick up mail. Interest sparks greater when the silent ride to Corbury Flats is bridged by a hint or two of what Ethan lived, or had done in his life. There are elements of feminism in this book as they relate to the strength of the women of the story, such as Mattie. The main focus of this paper will explore the dual role of feminism and strength of the women through love. A snow storm comes which permits the narrator to spend the night at the Frome farm. Here the reader is shown the complete past of Ethan Frome as told by Mattie in the kitchen. Mattie and Ethan had a forbidden love because Ethan was married at the time of their tryst. Ethan was married to a woman named Zeena and Ethan was logical with himself and thought that it would be better to run away with , and as Lawson states, The warmth of the evening is brought to an apprehensive end by the accidental breaking of one of Zeena’s sacred, never-used pickle-dishes. That the pickle-dish, a wedding gift, has never been used makes it a strong symbol of Zeena herself, who prefers not to take part in life. The depth of Zeena’s reaction to its being broken is revealed by her angrily twitching lips and by â€Å"two small tears†¦ on her lashless lids. † (Lawson 30). And their love could flourish outside of the watchful eye of his wife. Their fate together however was doomed. One winter night when the moon was high in the sky, in desperation for fear of dying slowly without eachother Ethan and Mattie decided a double suicide would be a better fate and symbol of their love. Here certain feminism elements in the story can be examined such as the lack of strength in the character Mattie, but as critic R.  Baird Shuman states, â€Å"there is probably no more pervasive single element in Ethan Frome than the symbolism. † Although Mattie loves Ethan, she does not attempt to ask Ethan for a divorce from his wife, but her ‘logical’ thought pattern suggests to there that suicide is the answer for both of them. There is a definite emasculation in this action as it does not allow the lovers to actually be together in a life, but rather to die dramatically and when this type of death is decided upon it is purely an act of attention to say to the world, or to Zeena that they are better off dead than with her in their lives. Thus, the act of suicide is not a strong feminist action but merely a cowards way out of a live neither of them want, without each other nor understand. The suicide attempt is done by sleigh riding into a tree together. The plan ultimately and tragically fails and they live with Zeena where the narrator finds them. It seems that the true feminist in the novel is Zeena. Despite the fact that she was abandoned by her husband for his new lover, and in the fact that she takes both of them back in, her strength as a character comes through. Ethan Frome was a strong young man doing what he thought was right. It was a sad thing that he married Zeena but then he wouldn’t have met Mattie. Ethan is an upright man with enough loyalty to love to end life with love and enough honor toward marriage to not run off like he was going to do. Ethan was a man with few woes but the ones he did have were seemingly too large to bear. How could he live without his love, but in living at all live being changed by guilt to his wife. He was a sad man that life couldn’t do without because it made him live through the torment of having a faithful wife, this is what Kenneth Bernard speaks of when he mentions ‘true dimensions’. These true dimensions center around the revelation of character through landscape; such as the snow as a symbol of things being dormant between Frome and his wife. Although Ethan was an honorable man there does seem to be a striking difference between Zeena’s honor and Ethan’s honor; could both of them be considered feminist? Feminism is not an theory based primarily on the injustices done to women, but is in fact a statement that women have had injustices done to them, and there is finally action and unification among women and men to stop such actions. So, the question becomes how is Wharton’s book about feminism. The concept of feminism in Ethan Frome is arranged around how the characters react with one another. Zeena is a strong willed woman who does not cheat on her husband and thus is an upright and outstanding wife, except for the fact that Ethan is not in love with her. Zeena does not appear to have any character flaws, but she does seem to be overbearing in parts, unless that is the impression the other characters want to give of her. However, it does seem that the characters only exhibit qualities of feminism during parts of the book. It may safely be surmised that Zeena was only a faithful wife out of spite. She used her faithfulness as a weapon to shove into Ethan’s face to keep him chained to her. Zeena was a typical wanna be invalid: Complaining about anything for attention and if someone found something to be good at she despised that thing and that person. She wanted to be the perfect Christian girl and be good to Ethan and Mattie just so that the town would feel sorry for her and say what a splendid woman she was to be kid to such a vile husband. She wanted that glory, thus although she was a strong woman in her own character this strength was a curse to those around her. The debate then is, is Zeena feminist or just a spiteful woman. Her husband cheats on her, tries to kill himself with his lover, and she takes him back and nurses Mattie. This may seem like a genuinely good woman according to this unbiased facts, however, it is in Zeena’s reaction wherein lies the true character. This type of characterization does not have to be with patriarchy or developing an equality among women and men but facing the fact of Zeena’s deplorable character in the reasons that she allows Ethan and Mattie back in the home. Therefore, although Zeena is a very strong female character there is no reason except a selfish reason of propriety to allow her husband back in the home, and this is not a feminist woman. Mattie’s character can best be described as sweet, loving, and at least trying to do something nice. She puts up with Zeena silently which is more than what most of the women in the novel could have done. She did what love, or what she love wanted her to do and be, a silent woman. A simple country girl looing for a life to live with someone she cares about. Thus, here is the counter to Zeena’s character. Mattie is not a strong character, so love for her does not prove that she is strong but rather weak since her escape is suicide. She does not stand up to Zeena in any way in the beginning or middle of the novel and thus her character is even further away from being considered a feminist than Zeena. In view of this comparison Mattie is not a feminist but Zeena would be considered one, only in comparison with one another. Mattie is a silent woman, she does not challenge what Ethan says to her, she does not voice her own opinion, and she goes along with Ethan’s suicide attempt without a word of complaint or counteraction. Almost the entire story is told in the kitchen, which in a patriarchal society is considered the woman’s part of the house. Although most people attribute women’s liberation to Betty Friedan’s wakening book Feminine Mystique the dates of women’s freedoms go as far back as 1848. During the freedom’s ferment era, women were contributing their time and ideas to many movements. One such movement included greater power for women. During the late 19th century women were not well accepted or permitted to hold positions of power in any political regime. Their daily duties consisted of housework, and motherly duties not to say that women were not including themselves in political venture, but the common belief of women’s place being in the home was widespread. Thus, it seems that the focus of the book should not be on Ethan Frome but these two female characters. The emotional entanglement of Edith Wharton’s characters to their situations of love, sex and death, the reality for the story is one, is the complete circle of the other, and for Wharton this circle represents the emotions of the characters themselves in their unique situation, as Kuribayashi writes, â€Å"†¦erotic impulses are often born of close encounters with death, either one’s own or that of a loved one, though contact with death may also quench one’s sexual urges†. In addressing these topics the subject of writing style isn’t elusive to its relevance in feminism. It is in postmodern feminism style that Wharton writes. This style of writing begets the transcendence of female writers and characters into a world where not necessarily control but freedom from man exists. This is how Wharton writes, with patches of reality mixed with cerebral counterparts. Wharton’s writing style does not reflect a precise example of postmodernism but a hybrid form of it with feminism. She doesn’t write disjointedly but when looked at as a whole, her story comes together to reveal Ethan Frome as a patriarch of the story despite his honor and Mattie as the typical silent woman and Zeena as the witch of the story, and their story is quilted together with a basis of shared experiences coupled with various reactions. Wharton’s style of writing is one that isn’t intrusive as most postmodern writing reflects but is inclusive allowing the reader to form a cohesive viewpoint once each side of the story is known. Wharton doesn’t focus on the complete picture but the experience and emotional narration of the character’s experiences. For these issues the inclusion of Wharton in a literary canon involves this narrative style which is very avant-garde and deserves recognition in her ingenuity and preference for that state of emotional landscaping (for it is through the details of the lives and events of these women and Ethan that the quilting effect or common thread is revealed). This is the new literary canon as derived from Munro; feminist postmodernism. This metaphoric approach to writing ensures that her craft delivers reference to feminism for each of these three characters. In this the narrative gives space to the character’s desires. For Wharton, these desires aren’t about love necessarily but about being touched and gaining experience and not being lonely as Ethan seems to be. The true genius in Wharton’s new literary canon is that of upsetting the normal devices of narrative. As Nunes states, â€Å"As a metaphor for narrative, quilting/piecing destabilizes notions of unity, coherence, and balance; it becomes a source of disruption for patriarchal narrative structure† (1997). The style of piecing together a story becomes in this new tradition of a canon a feminine aspect. Wharton works her writing style in metaphor. In Ethan Frome each character circles around to the next until they complete eachother, despite this circle having a negative connotation. Her writing style doesn’t necessitate an attachement between the characters but does give concord to their actions. The capacity Edith Wharton has to deliver a unique and persistent narrative exudes her place in the literary canon and the new definitions she lends to it. Her style of writing, at once reflecting her life and at once giving the reader clear identities to the characters and their emotional attachments to each other or to their own experiences makes Edith Wharton a literary genius. It is her writing wit, intelligence, eroticism and her complexities in dealing with these issues through characters and personal development that contribute to the changing face of feminist postmodernism. The association the main characters have with each other and their identities is what makes this story intriguing in a feminist way, and their identities seem to be lost with one another as the story progresses is definitely felt. Through lack of communication between the genders, the characters find themselves imprisoned with one another.

History Part B

Controlled assessment part b i. Representation 1 is from the The English Police Force; A Political and Social History written by Clive Emsley, published in 1991. It suggests that the police were ineffective at stopping/preventing major crimes such as robbery. However, they were effective at stopping minor crimes in the local community. Representation 2 is A Plaint by a P’liceman, a poem published in Punch magazine in the late nineteenth century.It also suggests that the police were ineffective at stopping/preventing major crimes and that limited the effectiveness of the Police. However, the representation also suggests that the police were effective at stopping/preventing minor crimes but that was seen as ‘stop[ing] little boys from playing ball’. Representations 1 and 2 have a number of similarities. First of all Rep 1 and 2 portray the negative attitude towards the Police. This is shown by ‘belief among many of the working class that there was a law for th e rich and another, harsher law, for the poor.In some areas, they allowed fights and other law breaking activities, which they would’ve acted against elsewhere’. From representation 2, i can spot that it agrees with representation 1 as it says ‘’The street’s re quite unsafe’ they say, You’re robbed and mobbed in broad noonday But little boys they mustn’t play’’. Representation 1 also gives the impression that the Police were capable of preventing petty crimes but they differ in tone. This is shown by ‘what the police were especially good at, was apprehending those who committed petty street offences . Representation 2 is similar and i know this from ‘Stop little boys from playing ball, or move away an apple stall’. Finally, Representation 1 suggests that the police themselves were not to blame for their ineffectiveness. I know this from ‘The police never had sufficient manpower to suppress disorder entirely’. Representation 2 is similar as it suggests ‘ Well, if from growls you can refrain, it ain’t of us you should complain You’ve got thank SIR RICHARD MAYNE’. Representation 1 and 2 have a number of differences.First of all Rep 1 gives a negative view towards the police but it differs in attitude compared to Representation 2. This shown by the fact that Representation 1 gives negative view towards the police but it gives some positives of the Police, therefore giving balanced argument. However, Representation 2 gives a generally one sided view of the police, which is negative. The representation doesn’t seem to take into account the other side of Policing, creating a one-sided and biased view. Both representations differ in tone.I know this as Representation 1 gives an academic style, due to the language used. You must also take into account that it’s from a textbook. Meaning that it will have to be fair when creating a judgement of the Police. Representation 1 tends to use words such as ‘however’ and ‘although’. Representation 2 is wholly one sided being exaggerated. Emotional language is used, in order to build a negative view image of the police. I know this from the exaggeration and comparison of petty street offenders to boys ‘They bids me chivvy little boys’In conclusion the two representations are mostly different as the first representation gives a balanced view making a conclusion at the end after evaluating all points. Whereas, the 2nd Representation gives a negative focus and tone towards the Police without even considering the usefulness of the police. The main reason for this is Representation 1 concludes that ‘Although they[working class] may not have liked the Police, they realised that the police force were there to protect and serve the community’.By concluding in this manner, it shows that there is an understanding as to why the police are judged in a certain way but gave a reason as to why the Police were existent and that was to put order in society. Whereas, Representation 2 portrays the Police as useless when considering all the crimes that the Police should prevent. Representation 2 consider’s the Police as people who only put a plaster on the wound rather than healing the wound, in a sense. The downside for Representation 2 is that it is completely one sided which allows a lot of criticism to be made.The most important areas of difference is the tone and focus. I say this because, there is a clear difference because of the tone and focus. Representation 1 is a formal and factual piece focusing on all aspects of policing, thus, allowing the reader to understand the Police properly and leave the reader to make his own judgement. However, when it comes to Representation 2, the piece is informal and focuses only on the negative aspects of the Police. The piece doesn’t allow the reader to ma ke his own judgement fairly.