Biography of John Napier, Scottish Mathematician

John Napier (1550-April 4, 1617) was a Scottish mathematician and theological writer who developed the concept of  logarithms and the decimal point as a mathematical calculation method. He also had an influence in the world of physics and astronomy. Fast Facts: John Napier Known For: Developing and introducing the concept of logarithms, Napiers Bones and the decimal point.Born: 1550 at Merchiston Castle, near  Edinburgh, ScotlandDied: April 4, 1617, at Merchiston CastleSpouse(s): Elizabeth Stirling (m. 1572-1579), Agnes ChisholmChildren: 12 (2 with Stirling, 10 with Chisholm)Notable Quote: Seeing there is nothing that is so troublesome to mathematical practice.... than the multiplications, divisions, square and cubical extractions of great numbers, which besides the tedious expense of time are... subject to many slippery errors, I began, therefore, to consider [how] I might remove those hindrances. Early Life Napier was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, into the Scottish nobility. Since his father was Sir Archibald Napier of Merchiston Castle, and his mother, Janet Bothwell, was the daughter of a member of Parliament, John Napier became the laird (property owner) of Merchiston. Napiers father was only 16 when his son, John, was born. As was the practice for members of the nobility, Napier did not enter school until he was 13. He did not stay in school very long, however. It is believed that he dropped out and traveled in  Europe to continue his studies. Little is known about these years, where or when he may have studied. In 1571, Napier turned 21 and returned to Scotland. The following year he married Elizabeth Stirling, daughter of Scottish mathematician James Stirling (1692-1770), and bat a castle at Gartnes in 1574. The couple had two children before Elizabeth died in 1579. Napier later married Agnes Chisholm, with whom he had ten children. On the death of his father in 1608, Napier and his family moved into Merchiston Castle, where he lived the rest of his life. Napiers father had been deeply interested and involved in religious matters, and Napier himself was no different. Because of his inherited wealth, he needed no professional position. He kept himself very busy by being involved with the political and religious controversies of his time. For the most part, religion and politics in Scotland at this time pitted Catholics against Protestants. Napier was anti-Catholic, as evidenced by his 1593 book against Catholicism and the papacy (office of the pope) entitled A Plaine Discovery of the Whole Revelation of St. John. This attack was so popular that it was translated into several languages and saw many editions. Napier always felt that if he attained any fame at all in his life, it would be because of that book. Becoming an Inventor As a person of high energy and curiosity, Napier paid much attention to his landholdings and tried to improve the workings of his estate. Around the Edinburgh area, he became widely known as Marvellous Merchiston for the many ingenious mechanisms he built to improve his crops and cattle. He experimented with fertilizers to enrich his land, invented an apparatus to remove water from flooded coal pits, and bat devices to better survey and measure land. He also wrote about plans to bad elaborate devices that would deflect any Spanish invasion of the British Isles. In addition, he described military devices that were similar to todays submarine, machine gun, and army tank. He never attempted to build any of the military instruments, however. Napier had a great interest in astronomy. which led to his contribution to mathematics. John was not just a stargazer; he was involved in research that required lengthy and time-consuming calculations of very large numbers. Once the idea came to him that there might be a better and simpler way to perform large number calculations, Napier focused on the issue and spent twenty years perfecting his idea. The result of this work is what we now call  logarithms. The Father of Logarithms and the Decimal Point Napier realized that all numbers can be expressed in what is now called exponential form, meaning 8 can be written as 23, 16 as 24  and so on. What makes logarithms so useful is the fact that the operations of multiplication and division are reduced to simple addition and subtraction. When very large numbers are expressed as a logarithm, multiplication becomes the addition of  exponents. Example: 102  times 105  can be calculated as 10  25  or 107. This is easier than 100 times 100,000. Napier first made this discovery known in 1614 in his book called A Description of the Wonderful Canon of Logarithms. The author briefly described and explained his inventions, but more importantly, he included his first set of logarithmic tables. These tables were a stroke of genius and a big hit with astronomers and scientists. It is said that English mathematician Henry Briggs was so influenced by the tables that he traveled to Scotland just to meet the inventor. This lead to a cooperative improvement including the development of  Base 10. Napier was also responsible for advancing the notion of the decimal fraction by introducing the use of the decimal point. His suggestion that a simple point could be used to separate the whole number and fractional parts of a number soon became accepted practice throughout Great Britain. Edited by Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.

A Summary Of The Clash Of Civilization - 1608 Words

19th century came to the end of the Cold War. History continuously updating itself, intellectual thinkers begin trying to hypothesis the future off conflicting regions and new world order. The current living and economic lifestyles of multiple civilizations created with are two of the greatest theories on the future of the world. First, Huntington P. Samuel writing the â€Å"Clash of Civilizations: And the Remaking of World Order, then Edward Said writing a scholarly essay on his theory known as Orientalism. These two theories both established in the same era refer to issues within economies like the Women in the Middle World. Clash of Civilization The Clash of Civilizations is a theory or hypothesis that came about after the Cold War. A†¦show more content†¦Edward Said noticed a geographical way of intellectual discourse corresponding to the legacy of colonialism. Said mentions during a YouTube video Edward Said: On Orientalism, The West perceives the East as foreigners, terrorists, threats, individuals who need stamped out and placed at a lesser value than that of Western culture.(ES: OO YouTube Video). Western civilizations began to stereotype against non-Western cultures such as the Iraq, Syria, Jordan, Africa, and other civilizations producing a â€Å"pre-conceived perception distorting the actual realities of these people almost labeling these groups of individuals others or outsiders, which is known as Orientalism theory. (ES: OO YouTube Video) Perceptions in the media start to conceive the minds of the individuals watching or listening. Western societies in Europe and America have news stations, movies and tv shows depicting Middle Eastern countries like Islam always at war, Muslims are terrorists, angry or some type of threat to society. African cultures looking at as slaves, and poor. African Americans as lazy and uneducated even Hispanics being label as illegals who work any job. None of which is the true identities of any group but show how deception, manipulation, and perception canShow MoreRelatedClash Of Civilizations Summary780 Words   |  4 Pageswritten by Samuel Huntington, called Clash of civilizations. The article Clash of Civilizations is Huntingtons take on how violence will be caused post Cold War. . He argues that the cause of violence after the Cold War will be due to differences within cultural and religious identities. However, this article was written in 1993, and surely times have changed from then . Theres been quite a few articles written critiquing Huntingtons, Clash of Civilization since it was written. Of those critiquesRead MoreThe Clash of Civilizations: a Summary of Samuel Huntington’s Controversial Political Analysis and Its Critics2367 Words   |  10 PagesPOLI 100 - F10N01 Gabrielle Bishop The Clash of Civilizations: A Summary of Samuel Huntington’s controversial Political Analysis and its Critics â€Å"Culture and cultural identities, which at the broadest level are civilizational identities, are shaping patterns of cohesion, disintegration, and conflict in the post-Cold War World† - Samuel Huntington POLI 100 - F10N01! 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Communism1402 Words   |  6 PagesUniversal Civilization.† Although he stated that, â€Å"you need to start with a certain kind of sensibility† he admitted, â€Å"I have no unifying theory of things† as well as, â€Å"I am not going to attempt to define this civilization.† Not accepting Naipaul’s theory that, â€Å"in general, the cultural coming together of humanity and the increasing acceptance of common values, beliefs, orientations, practices and institutions by peoples throughout the world†¦Ã¢â‚¬  would create this â€Å"Universal Civilization,† Samuel PRead More Clash Of Civilizations Essay examples1587 Words   |  7 Pages The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order by Samuel P. Huntington is an extremely well written and insightful book. Samuel P. Huntington is the Albert J. Weatherhead III University Professor at Harvard University, director of the John M. Olin Institute for Strategic Studies, the chairman of the Harvard Academy for International and Area Studies, and the president of the American Political Science Association. During the Carter administration, Huntington was the director of securityRead MoreAnalysis Of Alfred Huntington s The Cold War 1808 Words   |  8 PagesHuntington Essay Summary Critique The Huntington Essay is a piece that was written in 1993, and was written to hypothesize a world order that was to come with the end of the Cold War. Before this time, many of the problems in society had to do with ideologies or political disputes, such as democracy against communism. In the Huntington Essay, the main point/argument that he is trying to portray is that the biggest differences between people in the world are no longer ideological, political, orRead MoreSeptember 11 Attacks and Nationalist Terrorist Groups Essay1414 Words   |  6 Pageswar as a clash between Islam and Western civilization. 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Total Word Count (509) Analysis #2: Public Diplomacy and Soft Power – Joseph S. Nye Jr. Summary (184) There are three types of power, soft power, in which a state gets others to want what they want, it is an attractive power. Soft power comes from a state’s culture, political values, and foreign policy (Nye, 96). Hard power is coercive power

The Dangers Of The Elderly - 1582 Words

Australia, like numerous countries throughout the world, has an imminent aged care crisis. The Australian Bureau of Statistics (2012) reports that there are 3.22 million people aged 65 years or older, or 14% of the population, and this number is expected to double over the next 45 years. The effect of the elderly living longer is that the occurrence of illness and disabilities, as well as recovery time, is increased (Lovell, 2006). Associated with this is the increase in demand for health care resources, and the negative stereotype of the elderly being an economic burden (Lovell, 2006). The stereotype of the elderly being frail is perpetuated by the media’s promotion of youth and vitality, as well as the biased reporting of the negative†¦show more content†¦In addition to the use of emotive terms, Rahilly includes statistics to demonstrate the importance of improving research on memory disorders. These statistics state that â€Å"over the next 45 years the number of Australians aged over 65 is expected to double† (Rahilly, 2013, para. 1). These statistics reflect those of the Australian Bureau of Statistics, therefore contribute to the validity of Rahilly’s argument. Despite the statistics supporting Rahilly, the validity of her article is questioned when researching her background. Annie Rahilly is the senior media advisor at the University of Melbourne, the university conducting the research into improving early diagnosis and prevention strategies for Alzheimer’s disease. The employment of the author at the university means that there is possible bias in the report. This is demonstrated as very little of her article explores the positive aspects of aging. Rahilly includes one quote, â€Å" while an increasing number of Australians are living with dementia, most people who worry about their memory don’t actually have the condition† (Rahilly, 2013, para. 8). This quote from Associate Professor Darby demonstrates the impact the media has. Fear inducing articles, such as Rahilly’s, which provide statistic after statistic about the prevalence of memory disorders, contribute to the

Diversity Expectations and Behavior-Free-Samples-Myassignement

Question: Using a true story, a movie Theyre a Weird Mob, critically analyse how attitudes and legislation has changed the landscape in Australia in terms of diversity, expectations and behaviour. Answer: The nation of Australia was initially inhabited by the aboriginals and the fugitives from the countries like United Kingdom, France and others (Collins 2013). The first person to land on the country of Australia was Willem Janszoon in the year 1606 (Ozdowski 2013). However, the culture of Australia is a very dynamic one and has been subjected to continuous change with the changing times (Pedersen 2013). The real change in the culture and the environment came with the introduction of the concept of multiculturalism in the 1980s and 1990s (Collins 2013). This paper intends to shed light on the cultural changes which the nation of Australia has undergone in the recent times through the lens of the movie They're a Weird Mob released in the year 1966 like the discrimination which the people from different cultural background people faced in the nation of Australia, multiculturalism and others. The movie They're a Weird Mob directed by Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger is a landmark in the cultural history of Australia (Ozdowski 2013). The movie tries to portray the native culture of Australia through the eyes of an Italian emigrant Nino Culotta. The movie is actually an adaptation of the novel of the same name written by the author John O'Grady, who wrote under the pen name of Nino Culotta (Benet-Martnez 2012). According to a source, Australians were still very much believers in the White Australia Policy and thought this story by what was then called a New Australian was very interesting. OGrady had found exactly the right tone for the times. Nino was funny, a little dumb, nave but loveable, never really critical of his adoptive society and eager to assimilate (Petrie 2016, pp-46). The story of the movie revolves around the character Culotta who arrives in Australia with the intention of working at a sports magazine with his cousin. However, on arriving he comes to kn ow that his cousin has left the job and he decides to pay the debt which his cousin owes to the magazine owner. Therefore, he goes on to work as a daily wage earner. However, soon a romantic affair develops between Nino and the owner of the magazine. It is significant to note that it is through the journey of Nino and his relationship with the wage earners and the owner of the magazine company that the various facets of the Australian culture has been examined in the movie (Benet-Martnez 2012). The major source of comedy in the movie by the difference between the Australian and the Italian culture which the central character of the movie experiences. According to Nino in the movie, There are far too many New Australians in this country who are still mentally living in their homelands, who mix with people of their own nationality, and try to retain their own language and customsGet yourself accepted as one of him; and you will enter a world that you never dreamed existed. And once you have entered it, you will never leave it (countoreilly3 2018). He further more says about the Australian culture that Most Australians speak English like I speak Hindustani, which I dont. In general, they use English words, but in a way that makes no sense to anyone else (countoreilly3 2018). The movie through the character Nino also explores the jokes as well as the slangs used by the Australians in phrases like wogdrag, his dirty Italian moods, and various others (countoreilly3 2018). It is t o be noted that the language barrier between the immigrant and Australians leads to burlesque situations, where the misunderstanding of the Italian merges with the viewers incapacity to make sense of Australian idioms (Petrie 2016, pp-64). It is to be noted that basically the movie tries to depict an Australia before the advent of the concept of multiculturalism. Therefore, the society which the movie portrays is a very conservative one, unwilling to accept the concept of diversity brought on by the advent of the various emigrants from different parts of the world (Modood 2013). It is to be noted that the film was quiet unique for its times as it tried to portray the contemporary society of its time which was totally against the policy of assimilation. Therefore, racial, religious, and geographic divisions are still quite pronounced, and a feeling of us against them pervades many of the characters (Petrie 2016, pp-71). The film depicts Australia as insulated and resistant to the influences of other countries. It is a nation desperate to create its own identity, but also riddled with cultural and ethnic rifts (Savvas 2012, pp-34). Thus, some of the trends as well as the behavioral approaches shown in the movie are contrary to the ones which are normally practiced in the present day Australia. It is to be noted that after the advent of multiculturalism in the society of Australia the cultural landscape of Australia has undergone a rapid transformation and it is hard to believe that the some of the cultural traits portrayed in the movie were practiced at one ti me in the liberal nation of Australia (Modood 2013). It is to be noted that the government of Australia has taken active initiation through the passing of various legislative bills as well as acts in a bid to make the culture of Australia a multicultural one and congenial for the various entities belonging to the diverse nations. Some of the examples of the legislative bills related to these genres are the Abolishment of the White Australia Policy, The Racial Discrimiation Act, Immigrant Support Services, Multicultural Policy and various others (Arasaratnam 2014). It is interesting to note that the Whitlam Government removed the White Australian Policy in a bid to make its culture more congenial as well as open for the immigrants belonging to various diverse cultural entities (Arasaratnam 2014). The Australian government also made discrimination on the basis of race, gender, sexuality, ethnicity, and other factors a criminal offense and thereby sought to make the culture of Australi a a multicultural one.The Immigrant Support Services introduced by the government of Australia seeks to provide assistance to the immigrants from the different nations of the world (Arasaratnam 2014). The Multicultural Policy of the Australian government, on the other hand, seeks to make the nation of Australia a multicultural one and make the nation of Australia where the entities from the various diverse nations of the world can live in harmony (Arasaratnam 2014). The movie They're a Weird Mob, therefore, can be said to offer a pertinent account of the contemporary society of native Australia back in the 1960s. It is to be noted that the culture of Australia back in the 1960s was redolent with the various elements of racial as well as cultural biases. Therefore, it would not be too far-fetched to say that The film argues that migrants are welcome in Australia, but they are expected to adopt our way of life; and sever all ties with their native tongue and culture (Savvas 2012, pp-66). Thus, the central character of the movie Nino is welcomed in the land of Australia but he is required to adopt to the way of life of the Australian society, which he finds a bit weird on account of his being from the cultural background of Italy. Therefore, it can be said that although the film is very light hearted in tone but it aspires to portray the social conscience of the native people of its Australia and its pre-multicultural society (Modood 2013). Thus, i t will not be too blatant to say that the film seeks to portray a country still trying to find its way, and realize its own identity (Savvas 2012). According to a scholar, the story is told from a migrants perspective, and Australian culture is examined primarily through his eyes (Benet-Martnez 2012). Therefore, to Nino the land of Australia seems to represent a foreign as well as a strange culture which the locals from the various European countries are supposed to understand and also assimilate into. Thus, it would not be too far-fetched to say that The film is essentially about Ninos acculturation into mainstream Australia, and his confrontation with the Australian idioms; that is, the ocker lexicon that somewhat resembles the Kings English. However, this acculturation should not be seen directly assimilation. The film condones assimilation, but it condemns xenophobia. Migrants who fail to adopt the ways of the dominant culture are not excluded (Savvas 2012, pp-51). This is best exemplified in the Sydney Ferry as well as the Bondi Beach scenes which represent the bias of the native Australian towards the Italian immigrants. A n interesting feature to note about the film is that it neither supports nor repudiates the concepts of multiculturalism or assimilation. On the contrary, the movie tries to portray an Australian society which stands at the crossroads, trying to find the answers to the questions of assimilation as well as multiculturalism. The override message of the movie can be said to be a struggle towards harmony, and the mending of old ethnic divides (Carter 2013, pp-89). Thus, the Australian characters in the movie are seen to be desperate to point out all of the things that make them different (Carter 2013, pp-142). This becomes apparent in the several conversations of Nino with the father of Kay who is portrayed as a conservative Australian citizen and is against the marriage of his daughter with the Italian immigrant Nino. In the movie the characters are portrayed as in a state of dilemma between the traditional values of the Australian society and the modern values which is represented by the charaters of the immigrants. Thus, it can be said that Ones identity within society is presented as both stereotypical, and a shifting dynamic formation (Carter 2013). Therefore, Nino fluctuates between the values and the attributes of his native land of Italy and the values and the attributes of Australia. Therefore, Nino tries to acquire the expressions as well as language which is basic to the culture as well as the nationality of Australia. He thereby learns that just trying to ocker and learn the importance of returning a shout, is enough to be accepted as a true-blue Aussie (Carter 2013). He even struggles to mingle with the native citizens of the land of Australia as he is shown struggling in the bar where people drink beer and other hard drinks. Nino difficulty to assimilate with the native Australian cul ture becomes apparent when he finds it difficult to tell the difference between a schooner or a middy, or his turn to shout (Culotta 2012). In addition to the above mentioned traits of the native Australian culture, Nino even finds it difficult to understand the native slangs of the Australian people. It is to be noted that the various slangs still form an important part of the native culture of Australian culture. However, since the advent of multiculturalism the Australian culture has tried to assimilate the entities as well as the attributes of the various other diverse cultures in order to make the culture of Australia more congenial for the people from the different nations who form an important part of the Australian nation presently. The movie also helped in the development of various legislations like the Discrimination Act, Anti-Hatred Act, Equality Act and others who not only prohibited discrimination but also much facilitated the advent of the process of multiculturalism (Benet-Martnez 2012). Therefore, from the above discussion it becomes apparent that multiculturalism forms an important part of the society of Australia. The movie They're a Weird Mob is a landmark in the history of the Australian civilization. It tried to open the eyes of the Australian people towards the bias which formed an integral part of their society. It is to be noted that just like the character Nino in the movie was subjected to adverse effects of the Australian culture there are several people from the various diverse nations who are subjected to the same treatment in the land of Australia. Therefore, the advent of the concept of multiculturalism and its acceptance by the society of Australia forms a turning point in the history of the Australian history. It is true that the society of Australia has changed rapidly with the introduction of the idea of multiculturalism and with the active intervention of the Australian government through the passing of several legislation however still a lot nee ds to be done in order to make the society of Australia an ideal one for the immigrants from various diverse nations of the world. References Arasaratnam, L.A., 2014. A discussion of multiculturalism in Australia from educators perspective.SpringerPlus,3(1), p.36. Benet-Martnez, V., 2012. Multiculturalism: Cultural, social, and personality processes. Carter, D., 2013.Always almost modern: Australian print cultures and modernity. Australian Scholarly Publishing. Collins, J., 2013. Multiculturalism and immigrant integration in Australia.Canadian Ethnic Studies,45(3), pp.133-149. countoreilly3 2018.They're A Weird Mob. [image] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BDvMY1cE5q4 [Accessed 20 Mar. 2018]. Culotta, N., 2012.They're A Weird Mob: Text Classics. Text Publishing. Modood, T., 2013.Multiculturalism. John Wiley Sons, Ltd. Ozdowski, S., 2013. Australian multiculturalism. The roots of its success.Promoting changes in times of transition and crisis: Reflections on human rights education. Krakow: Ksiegarnia Akademicka. Retrieved from: https://www. akademicka. pl. Pedersen, P., 2013.Multiculturalism as a fourth force. Routledge. Petrie, D., 2016. Resisting Hollywood dominance in sixties British cinema: the NFFC/rank joint financing initiative.Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television,36(4), pp.548-568. Savvas, M.X., 2012. Storytelling Reconciliation: The Role of Literature in Reconciliation in Australia.International Journal of Diversity in Organisations, Communities Nations,11(5).

Introduction to Ecommerce Principles of E-Commerce Sites

Question: Describe about the Introduction to Ecommerce for Principles of E-Commerce Sites. Answer: Introduction This report has been aimed to the behaviour and the principle of E-commerce sites. In this respect, this study has been chosen an Australian ecommerce site namely Kogan.com. This report has been focused to the aim of the marketing behaviour of the company. This study is also helpful to identify the major principles of the mentioned website. In addition, the positive and the negative aspects of the ecommerce site have been discussed. Overview of the website Kogan.com is assumed to the greatest online and the retailer shop in Australia. In this site, more than 10000 products are available. Ruslan Kogan has established this online store in the year of 2006. This organisation has the specialisation in the electronics and the home appliances products. The headquarter of Kogan.com is in Melbourne. According to Al-Mudimigh (2015), Kogan.com has started its business with the supply of the product of LCD televisions. Identification the features of the websites As per the statement of Barnes and Hunt (2013), Kogan was renowned as the consumer electronics trademark. With the increase of time, Kogan allowed its customers to purchase the products in turn of affordable prices. After that, Kogan has started the online selling for the international consumers. In this purpose, it can be stated that this organisation has determined to consider the online media, key indicators in case of the online community such as bloggers and journalists as well. In order to discuss the communication strategy, Kgan.com focused to take the help of the online social networking sites. Identification the positive and the negative aspects of the websites Chang and Graham (2012) mentioned that there are a number of positive aspects of Kogan.com. It helps to save the time of the customers, as they do not need to visit to the stores to purchase the products. In addition, the consumers are able to compare the quality of the products, as all of the specifications are available at the same time. This in turn enhance the total sales of the organisation as well as the business can be expanded significantly. On the contrary, Huang and Benyoucef (2013) argued that due to the online shopping, sometimes the consumers has been suffering the unethical issues in case of bill payment. In addition, the consumers can receive the ordered products after the proposed date. This would reduce to take the service from this particular ecommerce site. 1. After reviewing the business strategy of this company, it can be observed that Kogan.com is at e-business stage. In this context, e-business strategy incorporates the marketing as well as provides the optimum consumer service. It can be observed that Kogan.com used to allow its consumers to deliver the products in turn of affordable prices. Moreover, being an independent online store, Kogan.com is capable to communicate directly with its clients, suppliers, importers and with the retailers. In addition, Kogan.com does not allow the intermediary persons, which reflects to enhance the savings rate of the company. Instead of this, Kogan.com has been taken the help of social networking sites for the marketing purposes. As a result, the consumers can get a clear information regarding the quality of the products. In this connection, Mohapatra (2013) opined that advertisement is the another necessary aspect of the marketing of e-business. 2. Figure 1: E-commerce strategy (Source: Kogan.com. 2016) The strategy of the e-commerce can be discussed with the help of thee-commerce implementation procedure. As per the initial stage that is the formulation of the strategy is helpful to evaluate the capacity of the business, the favourable business environment. Chang and Graham (2012) cited that in this respect Kogan can identify the competitive advantage in their business. On the other hand, the e-commerce strategy is helpful to formulate the revenue strategy of the business as well as can formulate the multi channel strategy. The third stage that is the e-commerce plan has been developed based on the e-commerce strategy. With the help of the e-commerce plan, Kogan.com can implemented the e-commerce business. As per this planning, the business aimed to the mission, vision and the technological evaluation of the organisation. At the last stage that is in the evaluation stage, Kogan can estimates and analyses the business implementation (Kogan.com. 2016). Conclusion This report is helpful to identify the business strategy of an Australian e-commerce site such as Kogan.com. After analysing the study, this can be identified that Kogan.com is at the e-business stage. In this respect, the reason has been also discussed. In addition, this report has tried to evaluate the e-commerce strategy of the company. References Al-Mudimigh, A.S., 2015. E-business strategy in an online banking services: a case study.The Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce,2007. Barnes, S. and Hunt, B. eds., 2013.E-commerce and v-business. Routledge. Chang, K.P. and Graham, G., 2012. E-business strategy in supply chain collaboration: An empirical study of B2B e-commerce project in Taiwan.International Journal of Electronic Business Management,10(2), p.101. Huang, Z. and Benyoucef, M., 2013. From e-commerce to social commerce: A close look at design features.Electronic Commerce Research and Applications,12(4), pp.246-259. Kogan.com. (2016). Available at: https://www.kogan.com/au/ [Accessed on 5 Sep. 2016]. Mohapatra, S., 2013. E-commerce Strategy. InE-Commerce Strategy(pp. 155-171). Springer US.

Physical exercise Essay Example

Physical exercise Essay Physical exercise is any bodily activity that enhances or maintains physical fitness and overall health or wellness. It is performed for various reasons. These include strengthening muscles and cardiovascular system, honing athletic skills, weight loss or maintenance and for enjoyment. Physical exercise boosts the immune system, and helps prevent the â€Å"diseases of affluence† such as heart disease, cardiovascular disease. It also improves mental health, helps prevent depression, helps to promote or maintain positive self-esteem, and can even augment an individual sex appeal or body  image, which again is also linked with higher levels of self-esteem. Childhood obesity is growing global concern and physical exercise may help decrease the effects of childhood obesity in developed countries. Physical exercise is important for maintaining physical fitness and can contribute positively to maintaining a health weight, building and maintaining healthy bone density, muscle strength, and joint mobility, promoting physiological well being, reducing surgical risks, and strengthening the immune system. However exercise is a form of discipline. It means self-control and sincerity. We need to neglect  our idleness. Physical exercise helps in character building. It makes our mind sharp and active. It improves mental strength and capability. It adds to our capability and improves our performance. Physical exercise done in morning keeps us healthy. Exercise also reduces levels of cortisol. Cortisol is as stress hormone that builds fat in the abdominal region, making weight loss difficult. Also Cortisol causes many health problems, both physical and mental. We will write a custom essay sample on Physical exercise specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Physical exercise specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Physical exercise specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Regular aerobic exercise has been shown to help shown to help prevent or treat serious and life- threatening chronic conditions such as: Burns calories   Improves endurance Reduces the risk of chronic diseases like heart disease and diabetes Decreased blood triglycerides Improve weight control There is evidence that vigorous exercise is more beneficial than moderate exercise. Some studies have shown that vigorous exercise executed by healthy individuals can increase testosterone and growth hormone, effects that are not as us fully realized with moderate exercise. However, at this intensity for long periods of time, or without proper warm up beforehand and cool down afterwards, can lead to an increased risk of injury and overtraining. Both aerobic and anaerobic exercise also work to increase the mechanical efficiency of the heart by increasing cardiac volume (aerobic exercise), or myocardial thickness (strength training). Such changes are generally beneficial and healthy if they occur in response to exercise. Not everyone benefits equally from exercise. There is a lot of variation in individual response to training: where most people will see a moderate increase in endurance from aerobic exercise, some individuals will as much as double their oxygen uptake, while others can never enhance endurance. Also, muscle hypertrophy from resistance training is primarily determined by diet and testosterone. This genetic variation in improvement from training is one of the key physiological differences between professional athletes and usually people. I can say that exercising in middle age leads to better physical ability later in life. Beneficial effect of exercise on the Cardiovascular System Improved Heart Health: The first one is an improved condition of your heart is a muscle just like any other and in order for it to become strong it must be worked. If you fail to work it, it will weaken over time and this can cause a  variety of negative health effects. By getting the heart pumping at a faster rate on regular basis you will keep it in shape and healthy. Too many people are getting tired just performing simple exercises such as walking up the stairs and the primary reason for this is because they are neglect to work their heart muscle. -Improved Hormonal Profile Performing cardiovascular exercise also changes the hormonal profile in your body considerably. It releases feel good hormones that will help ease symptoms of depression and fatigue as well as releasing hormones that decrease the appetite. -Management of Diabetes Lastly, for those who have diabetes, cardiovascular exercise helps them manage this condition. By performing the exercise you will increase your muscle’s ability to utilize glucose. Those who exercise regularly tend to have better control of their blood sugars and do not see as many blood sugar swings as those who don’t. For diabetes this is increasingly important as they are extremely sensitive to changes in blood sugar levels. Effect on the immune system Although there have been hundreds of studies on exercise and immune system, there is little direct  evidence on its connection to disease. Epidemiological evidence suggest that moderate exercise has a beneficial effect on the human immune system while extreme exercise impairs, weakens it. Moderate exercise has been associated with 30 % decreased incidence of upper respiration tract infections, but studies of marathon runners found that their long high-intensity exercise was associated with an increased risk of an infection, although another study did not find effect. The immune system of athletes and non-athletes are generally similar. Effects on brain function  There are several possibilities for why exercise is beneficial for the brain: Increasing the blood and oxygen flow to the brain. -Increasing growth factors that help create new nerve cells and promote synaptic plasticity -Increasing chemicals in the brain that help create new nerve cells and promote synaptic plasticity -Increasing chemicals in the brain that help cognition, such as dopamine, glutamate, norepinephrine, and serotonin. Effect on depression Depression can be helped by regular exercise. Physical activity causes brain pleasure centres to be  stimulated and leads to feelings of wellbeing. Exercise can also be effective in the treatment for anxiety and depression. Some research studies indicate that regular exercise may be as effective as other treatments like medication to relieve milder depression. Generally, exercise has a place in treatment as part of a comprehensive approach to the illness. Effect on sleep Some research studies suggested that exercise generally improves sleep disorders such as insomnia. The optimum time to exercise may be 4 to 10 hours before bedtime, though exercise at any time of day  is beneficial, with the possible exception of heavy exercise taken shortly before bedtime, which may disturb sleep. While however there is insufficient evidence to draw detailed conclusions about the relationship between exercise and sleep. Public health measures Signs that encourage the use of stairs, as well as community campaigns, have been shown to be effective in increasing exercise in a population. The city of Bogota, Columbia, for example, blocks off 113 kilometers of roads on Sundays and holidays to make it easier for its citizens to get exercise. These pedestrian zones are part of an effort to combat chronic diseases, including obesity. Common misconceptions Many myths have become surrounding exercise, some of which have a basis in reality, and some are completely false. I will give some examples of myths below: Myth: Someone who’s thin is fit Being fit means you have strong and healthy heart, lungs, muscles, bones and joints. Just because is thin or of normal weight doesn’t mean he or she can run a long distance or open a heavy door. Regular physical activity and balanced eating can help you stay at heathy weight and prevent disease. Myth: There’s one best way to be physically active. There are many types of physical activity that are enjoyable and beneficial for our health. The 3 types of activities that promote overall health are: Activities for strong, healthy muscles and bones, like lifting weights (strengthening ) Activities for safe, healthy joints and muscles, like yoga and stretching( flexibility) Activities for a stronger heart and lungs, like walking or biking (aerobic) Myth: Jogging is a better activity than walking. Walking is an excellent way to get a stronger heart and lungs, and reduce your risk of disease. The important thing is to do an activity you enjoy, whether it’s jogging, walking or something else. To be active for at least 30 minutes on 5 or more days of the week. You don’t have to do all 30 minutes at once. If it’s easier or more convenient, do several 10 minutes sessions throughout day. Physical activity for children (under 5 years old) Being physically active every day is important for the health growth and development of babies, toddlers and preschoolers. For this age group, activity of any intensity should be encouraged,  including light activity and more energetic physical activity. The amount of physical activity you need to do each week is determined by your age. Babies Babies should be encouraged to be active from birth. Before your baby to crawl, encourage them to be physically active by reaching and grasping, pulling and pushing, moving their head, body and limbs during daily routines, and during supervised floor play, including tummy time. Once babies can move around, encourage them to be as active as possible in a safe, supervised and nurturing play environment. All children under 5 years old  Children under 5 should not be inactive for long periods, except when they’re asleep. Watching TV, travelling by car, bus or train or being strapped into a buggy for long periods are not good for child’s health and development. There’s growing evidence that such behavior can increase their risk of poor health. All children under 5 who are overweight can improve their health by meeting the activity guidelines, even if their weight doesn’t change. To achieve and maintain a healthy weight, they may need to do additional activity and make changes to their diet.

Essay Topics - Emily Dickinson

Essay Topics - Emily DickinsonIn the past, Emily Dickinson essay topics have centered around poetry, life and her husband, Horace. The inspiration behind her works have inspired many artists to write their own original verses on topics such as love, life and friendship. Her life has been chronicled in many books, movies and even entire television series based on her life.Today, essay topics are becoming more wide ranging in their themes. Some of the best subject matter of this type is personal and relates to the person writing the essay. Others are based on literary topics, while others may be a commentary on current events. Still others may be inspired by how one's life has affected other people and even the world in general.There are also several distinct areas within these essay topics. These are as follows: Character; Education; Essay Topics; Lyrics; Lyrical subjects; Manner of speaking; People; Sensuality; Spirituality; and, Writing or Poetry Styles. Of course, each of these cat egories has many subcategories as well.One of the areas of the essay known as 'Character' is when the essay topics are connected to particular characters in the writer's life. Many of these topics include the character's reaction to a situation. Examples of this topic type would be the character's reaction to a certain event or situation, or the character's reaction to the death of a loved one. The focus of this category relates to the character's reactions and response to an event.The second area of this area is where the topics are related to education. In this area, essay topics are connected to specific periods in time when the writer was educated. Most often, it is the life of an individual during the period of his or her education that is being examined. Essays on education would include details about the circumstances surrounding an individual's education such as when he or she learned how to read or write.Another subject that relates to education is that of poetry. This is t he area where the topic is related to a person's life or poetry written in any manner, including essays. This also includes poetry written about poetry written in connection to life. Examples of this include writing about poetry written about life.The topic of Essay Topics is the broadest category of all. The focus of this topic is on the written word. There are numerous types of essays in this category including medical writings, creative writings, family writing, and even literary writings.Each of these categories has different styles that vary in size and length. One area where the size of the essay topic varies greatly is that of the verse. Poetry has different varieties in length from the most simple and brief to the longest and most elaborate. In addition, the style of poetry differs from work to work, as some poets express themselves in poems in ways that are not usual to others.