Online Personalities in Building Social Relations

Online Personalities in Building Social Relations 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1Introduction According to Gordon Allport (1935) attitude is an important concept in social psychology. He stated that the individual will experience confusion without attitude because attitude will determine what will be seen, heard, thought and done. Attitude can be defined as the measure of mans social world, whether positive or negative aspects. Attitude is a general assessment of a man, including his own, objects and continuous nature of issues and involves a period of time (Petty Capioppo, 1986). Typically, the attitude associated with the view, feeling, thought, belief, and the etc. Social psychologists assume that almost all of the cognitive and perceptual process involves the evaluation process. Jarvis Petty (1996) mentioned, although people can judge something easily, it does not mean that they can assess spontaneously. Individuals require a rating scale that can make the difference in the tendency to evaluate an object. According to the schematic model, the attitude is seen as a thought that serves as a schema or set of ideas related to how it is organized and used again, just like the memory effects in mind. Therefore, as a scheme, it integrates all the components related to attitudes such as beliefs, emotions, physiological reactions, behavioural tendencies, and intentions. If seen from the schematic model, it is aligned with neurological network system molecules and other nervous system. Thus, the attitude is considered as something that exists in certain parts of the brain. Scheme is actually a cognitive structure or a mental framework for organizing and managing information in mind. It is an abstract representation of an object, thing or event we have experienced and it is located within the long-term memory. Mental framework is centred on specific themes related to people, things or objects, events or situations. Scheme to help us process information, and profoundly influenced the way we inter pret things. People schema is a cognitive structure that describes the of personality of others. Usually, it can be used to interpret individuals, specifically. Through it, individuals are able to understand others and create expectations about the particular individual behaviour. The present scheme is basically derived from our socialization agent. It is more abstract and focused on the relationship between normal personality trait known as Implicit Personality Theory, a set of assumptions that are not announced or secret, against any personality traits that communicate with each other. One of the schemes is to make use stereotype against someone from another group. Stereotype is a set of attribute characteristics to all members of the group or social category. Stereotyping leads us to think that all team members have specific attributes and simplify the complex social world. However, sometimes it involves excessive generalizations to be formed prejudices. We often rely on common stereotypes, such the stereotype about the ethnic, racial groups, gender groups and the commonly held religious groups in our society. Integration is a process for creating a national identity among the separate groups in terms of cultural, social, and location within a political unit. Meanwhile, solidarity can be understood as a process that unites all people and the country so that every community can build an identity and shared values and feelings of love and be proud of land (Shamsul Amri, 2007). In history, a serious effort towards unity of Malaysia began sprouting seen after the onset of tragedy May 13, 1969 when the Council of National Unity and in line with the Ministry of National Unity was established. But actually work towards a common goal has started in the 1957 Independence Constitution. In this context the clauses in the Constitution that led to the use of Malay as the official language, the provisions of the implementation of national-type schools and the use of minority languagesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹, has been articulated by Article 152 and 153, which we often refer to as a social contract between the leader-leaders of various ethnic groups dominant in Malaysia. The reality in the contemporary context, the Malaysian Government policy of racial unity is friendly and tolerant. For an example, the issue of minority ethnic language. The language of ethnic minorities has not been sentenced but never used prohibited in any school in Malaysia, though the national schools. Even created is a national type schools by giving the right to ethnic minorities to use their mother tongue as the teaching language. The New Age bulletin reported that there are 1.2 billion social networking users worldwide. According to socialbakers.com (a social media and digital analytics company), currently, there are 12457560 Facebook users in the Malaysia, which makes it number 17 in the ranking of all Facebook statistics by country. â€Å"The emergence and widespread global adoption of social networks has vastly influenced human interaction on an individual, community and larger societal level, and underscores the convergence of the online and offline worlds,† notes Linda Boland Abraham, comScore CMO and EVP of global development in the December 21 report, â€Å"Regardless of geography, social networks are weaving themselves ever more intricately into the fabric of the digital experience, opening a world of new opportunity for business and technology.† According to socialbakers.com (a social media and digital analytics company), currently, there are 12457560 Facebook users in the Malaysia, whi ch makes it number 17 in the ranking of all Facebook statistics by country. Their social networking statistics show that Facebook penetration in Malaysia is 47.62% compared to the countrys population and 73.70% in relation to number of Internet users. 1.2 Statement of Problem Malaysia is a multiracial and multicultural country. Thus, efforts to form a unity are has been a huge challenge since independence obtained for Malay Land. Although various efforts were taken to build national integration, however, Malaysia is still filled by the events of ethnic conflicts such as event management disputes of a Hindu temple and mosque in Kampung Rawa, Penang in 1998, and the tragedy of Kampung Medan in 2001. These events are indication that the issue of racial unity is not yet over. In this effort, can be seen that there are elements of the approach taken by Malaysia government are quite different from the approach which is considered mainstream in the West. American and some European countries like Britain and France for example, using the concept of melting pot or mould smelters in their approach to integrate the various ethnic minorities, indigenous ethnic groups, and the dominant ethnic group in the country. During the melting process of ethnic minority cultures melted, digested, and even some fade away, blended in the culture of the dominant majority. However, in Malaysia we see the concept of the mould smelters does not exist, but that there is a salad bowl or a bowl of vegetables’ which do not melt any of the ethnic elements but unify skin colour and cultural diversity in an environment. Perhaps it is time the authorities find other alternatives to resolve this integrity issue. One alternative that can serve as a choice is through social networking services such as facebook, twitter and so on. . I quote the words from The Chief Executive Officer of CyberSecurity Malaysia, Lt Col Prof Dato Husin Jazri, (Retired) spoke on issues about cyber safety; the establishment of social networks is unavoidable. Youths have always been the earliest adapters to new cultural trends, hence it is no surprise that social media has resonated with teens. What we can do is educate them on how to use new technology, like social networks, safely. Therefore, I believe, it is time we looked at the use of social networking facilities in a more positive perspective. A study by Brendesha, M.T., Michael, T.G. Geneene, N.T. (2008) has shown that the internet, particularly chat rooms and social networking sites, can be vital ally in multicultural education efforts. 1.3 Significance of Study This study examines the complexities of augmented reality and online personality and its pertinent relations in social networking among diverse online communities in Malaysia. Social networks have been associated empirically with the online personality portrayed to the online communities. Through the development programmes of MdeC Malaysia, including the on-line community projects, questions arise on whether on-line networking will enhance, reinforce or modify the forms of social identity between online community members who differ in terms of ethnicity, class and gender. It is envisaged that this study will provide useful information pertaining to online network patterns, policy makers who are looking at community integration and social integration theorists interested in social capital. More generally, the current study will address questions pertaining their social identities and personalities, particularly on the nature of information society or knowledge society in Malaysia. 1.4 Research Questions Could augmented reality adequately simulate human personality within their social experiences? Could cognition influence personality in relation to ethnic-relations, social capitals and nationhood social identity? Is there are differences between the personalities portrayed in the augmented realities and personality featured in reality, particularly pertaining social identities and race representations? 1.5  Research Objectives 1.5.1 General Objective This study aims to examine the complexities of online personality and its pertinent relations towards social relation within social networking services. 1.5.2 Specific Objectives To understand, in what ways do on-line communities work in the context of a multi-ethnic society. To examine, is there are differences between the personalities portrayed in the augmented realities and personality featured in reality, particularly pertaining social identities and race representations. To examine the current Malaysian ICT initiatives on promoting adequate augmented reality to simulate racially-integrated artificial personality within the 1Malaysia concepts of online and mobile social experiences. To ascertain the patterns of on-line networks and the contribution to shape the future of on-line communities within the context of social integration and national unity in Malaysia 1.6Theoretical Framework Theory Of Reasoned Action (TRA) was developed in 1967. In the early of 1970s, the theory was revised and expanded by Ajzen and Fishbein. By 1980, TRA was used to study human behaviour and develop appropriate interventions. In 1988, Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) was added to the existing model of reasoned action to address the inadequacies that Ajzen and Fishbein had identified through their research using TRA. The theory states that attitude toward behaviour, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control, together shape an individuals behavioural intentions and behaviours. The purpose of the theory of planned behavior is to predict and understand consumer behavior. According to the theory, a person’s behavior can be predicted by intention, which is predicted by the person’s attitude toward the behavior, subjective norms, and perceived control (Ajzen,1991). An attitude toward a behavior is defined as one’s positive or negative evaluation of the particular behaviour based on the person’s beliefs. The key term for this theory are:- Behavioral belief: an individuals belief about consequences of particular behavior. The concept is based on the subjective probability that the behavior will produce a given outcome. Attitude toward behavior: an individuals positive or negative evaluation of self-performance of the particular behavior. The concept is the degree to which performance of the behavior is positively or negatively valued. It is determined by the total set of accessible behavioral beliefs linking the behavior to various outcomes and other attributes. Normative belief: an individuals perception about the particular behavior, which is influenced by the judgment of significant others (e.g., parents, spouse, friends, teachers). Subjective norm: an individuals perception of social normative pressures, or relevant others beliefs that he or she should or should not perform such behavior. Perceived behavioral control: an individuals perceived ease or difficulty of performing the particular behavior (Ajzen, 1988). It is assumed that perceived behavioral control is determined by the total set of accessible control beliefs. Control beliefs: an individuals beliefs about the presence of factors that may facilitate or impede performance of the behavior (Ajzen, 2001). The concept of perceived behavioral control is conceptually related to self-efficacy. Behavioral intention: an indication of an individuals readiness to perform a given behavior. It is assumed to be an immediate antecedent of behavior. It is based on attitude toward the behavior, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control, with each predictor weighted for its importance in relation to the behavior and population of interest. Behavior: an individuals observable response in a given situation with respect to a given target. Ajzen said a behavior is a function of compatible intentions and perceptions of behavioral control in that perceived behavioral control is expected to moderate the effect of intention on behavior, such that a favorable intention produces the behavior only when perceived behavioral control is strong. Diagram 1.1 : Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) The theory of planned behaviour is an appropriate theory to study the intention of the person to adopt positive social relation via online medium. The theory can be used to evaluate individual personality, their feelings about the social norm pressure, and the difficulty of achieving the desired behaviour. 1.7Conceptual Framework Motivational Level Volitional Level Diagram 1.2 : Conceptual Framework 1.8Definition of Terms 1.8.1Social networking facilities Conceptual definition Abbreviated as SNS asocialnetworkingsiteis the phrase used to describe anyWeb sitethat enables users to create public profiles within that Web site and form relationships with other users of the same Web site who access their profile. Social networking sites can be used to describe community-based Web sites, online discussions forums, chatrooms and other social spaces online. (http://www.webopedia.com) Operational definition Referring one of the platforms used by the online community, which is Facebook. 1.8.2Augmented personality Conceptual definition Augmented means to make greater in size or value. While personality referreing to the combination of characteristics or qualities that form an individual’s distinctive character (http://oxforddictionaries.com) Operational definition Refer to the personality that being portrayed in cyberspace 1.8.3Social relation Conceptual definition Social relation refer to a multitude of social interactions, regulated bysocial norms, between two or more people, with each having a social position and performing asocial role. In sociological hierarchy, social relation is more advanced than behavior,action, social behavior,social action, social contact and social interaction. Social relations form the basis of concepts such associal organization, social structure, social movement andsocial system. (http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org) Operational definition Refer to the social interaction and relationship in cyberspace. 1.8.4Online community Conceptual definition A virtual community, also called online community is a group of people that interact through computer-mediated communication, mostly a website or portal that provides various channels for social networking. (http://edutechwiki.unige.ch/en/Virtual_community) Operational definition Refer to a group of people who interact and share common interests, ideas, and feelings via Facebook. 1.9Research Limitation This study is limited to Facebook users only whereas there are several other social networking services provided. There is a possibility that the distribution of respondents location is less comprehensive due to access to the internet.

The Human Genome Project :: essays research papers

Marshall, Elizabeth L. The Human Genome Project: Cracking The Code Within Us.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  New York, New York: Franklin Watts, 1996. 1-128.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Elizabeth L. Marshall was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota. She grew up in areas of southern California, and in parts of New York City. She lives in Columbus, Ohio, and is currently married and has two daughters. She attended and graduated from the University of Virginia with a B.A. in English. She then graduated from the University of Pittsburgh with a Master of Fine Arts degree in fictional writing. She has worked form several scientific journals and magazines and is a member of the National Association of Science Writers. She has also written several well known books including Conquering Infertility: Medical Challenges and Moral Dilemmas, and High-Tech Harvest.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I chose this book because it seemed like an interesting topic, and because I thought it might help me understand more things about DNA. Someone else who read it said that it had a lot to do with the things we covered in class too so I figured it would be as good a choice as any.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This book is about the amazing task of mapping and showing all the sequences of the thousands and thousands of genes in the human body. The book is split up into nine chapters each of which covers a different aspect of this incredible project. The book tells all about almost every aspect of the project. It tells all about the project and what the point is, what has been accomplished so far, and when they expect it to be finished. According to the introduction the project is actually expected to be finished sometime this year.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first chapter starts off with the basic structure of DNA and describes how the base pairing of each nucleotide creates each amino acid, which when all put together create a strand of DNA. It also gives an idea of who is working on the project. She lists several major cities where the project is being worked on and then goes on to explain how between all these different teams, who are all working on some different aspect of the project, there are also anywhere from 200 to 400 other smaller teams all around the country working on it. The next chapter is about chromosome 18, and how a slight mistake in it can cause things like mental retardation and deafness, and what they are trying to do to help stop or fix chromosome 18 deletion syndrome.

Is ethnic profiling really helping society? Essay --

Is ethnic profiling really helping society? Ethnic profiling has been around for some time but is it getting worse? Are too many people going to far? Is it hurting or helping society? Many believe that ethnic profiling is only helping society and but in reality its only tearing us apart for because of the following reason. â€Å"Muslims endure long delay to become U.S Citizens they're pulled out of lines at airports and treated differently from other passengers (Lamkamp)†. Muslims are getting denied to become American just because of their Ethnics. Thats assuming that all Arabs or Muslims are terrorist. Thats like saying all Caucasians are rich. Which not all of them are. â€Å" Travel for many from the middle east has often been quite difficult, but following 9/11 and the Arab Springs it seems to be worsening (Kuwait).† Even though the terrorist attack in 9/11 was horrendous event to go through people should not assume every middle eastern is a terrorist. Many Middle Eastern are afraid of traveling because they think they might get pulled out of lines and get harassed. No one is better than anyone else therefore no one should be able to put themselves on a higher pedestal because they're a different ethnics. Although many believe ethnic profiling is helping society because it helps stop terrorist attacks they're incorrect for the following reason. â€Å" I thought they'd be happy I was leaving but instead they kept me waiting and were glaring at me as if I were a criminal. What's worse they ignored me completely and didn't tell me what was wrong( Ahmed)†. First and foremost they ignored her like she was not ... ... want to do its travel the world like the rest of us. If youre judging them because of their race you need to take a look in the mirror and see what type of person you really are.We are a Human Race and we need to stick together. We should let our differences make us stronger not tear us down. Marther Luther King had a dream that we should be equal and equal we shall be! Works Cited Conrad, Lisa. "Ethnic Profiling, Airport Security Procedures Await Arab Travelers." Kuwait Times 15 Nov. 2011: Newspaper Source Plus. Web. 25 Feb. 2014. Heath, Gilmore. "Racial Profiling Needed to Prove Australia Is Safe." Sydney Morning Herald, The 02 June 2010: 5. Newspaper Source Plus. Web. 25 Feb. 2014. Lakamp, Patrick. "Professor Decries Ethnic Profiling of Muslims: COMMUNITY." Buffalo News, The (NY) 11 May 2008: Newspaper Source Plus. Web. 25 Feb. 2014.

Breach of Contract in the Business World

| Breach of Contract in the Business World| | | | | | | Table of Contents Executive Summaryiii I. Introduction1 II. Breach of Contract1 III. Immaterial Breach of Contract1 IV. Material Breach of Contract2 V. Remedies3 VI. Remedies at Law3 VII. Remedies in Equity5 VIII. Summary6 IX. Bibliography8 Executive Summary This paper discusses the legal concept of a breach of contract and the options a business has in pursuing a breach of contract case.It defines what constitutes a breach of contract, how a party may breach a contract, and it compares the legal distinction between an immaterial and material breach of contract. This paper concludes with a description of what remedies are available to the non-breaching party when a contract has been breached. It describes the types of remedies at law (monetary damages) and remedies in equity that may be awarded in a breach of contract case. Introduction Contracts form the very foundation of every legal business endeavor.They can dictate how a bu siness is formed, the terms and conditions of employment, or a sales agreement between a business and its customer. In a perfect world, both parties would benefit from a contract and no disputes would arise. In the real business world, delays occur, financial problems happen, and unexpected events may prevent a contract from being fulfilled. It is imperative that a business understands what constitutes a breach of contract, how a party may breach a contract, and what legal remedies are available to recover any damages that may be incurred.Breach of Contract A breach of contract occurs when one party fails to perform any term of a contract, written or oral, without a legitimate legal excuse (Hill, Breach of Contract). A businesses’ course of legal action against a breach of contract will depend on what type of breach has occurred, whether the breach is material (substantial) or immaterial (minor), and what damages have been incurred. Immaterial Breach of Contract An immaterial breach of contract does not substantially impair the value of an entire contract.An immaterial breach allows the non-breaching party to sue for the actual damages it sustains, but it does not excuse the injured party from its contractual obligations (Gifis, 2010). In the contract case of Jacob & Youngs v. Kent, the court dealt with the matter of an immaterial breach of contract (Jacob & Young v. Kent, 1921). In the case, the plaintiff sued the defendant for not paying for the installation of pipes in his home.The defendant refused to pay because the defendant learned that some of the pipes installed in his home were of the brand name Cohoes, instead of Reading. The defendant argued that the plaintiff should replace all of the piping with the brand agreed upon in the contract before having to pay the plaintiff. The plaintiff refused and asked that the final payment be made. The court found that the breach of contract by the plaintiff was immaterial because the pipes that were instal led were the same type and quality to which the parties had originally agreed.The only difference between the two pipes was the brand name. The defendant was ordered to remit the final payment to the plaintiff and received no damages because the actual difference of value between the two brands of piping was zero. Material Breach of Contract A material breach of contract discharges the non-breaching party from further performance under the contract and entitles the injured party to sue for damages or for performance of the contract (Jentz & Miller, 2007, p. 218).The Restatement (Second) of Contracts lists the following criteria to determine whether a specific failure constitutes a material breach: In determining whether a failure to render or to offer performance is material, the following circumstances are significant: (a) the extent to which the injured party will be deprived of the benefit which he reasonably expected; (b) the extent to which the injured party can be adequately c ompensated for the part of that benefit of which he will be deprived; (c) the extent to which the party failing to perform or to offer to perform will suffer forfeiture; (d) the likelihood that the party failing to perform or to offer to perform will cure his failure, taking account of all the circumstances including any reasonable assurances; (e) the extent to which the behavior of the party failing to perform or to offer to perform comports with standards of good faith and dealing. (Restatement (Second) of Contracts, 1981) In the previously mentioned law case of Jacob & Youngs v. Kent, if the piping installed had been an inferior quality or material, the breach of contract would have been a material breach. In this case, the court would have agreed with the defendant and ordered the plaintiff to replace all of the piping with the correct brand and quality of piping. RemediesA remedy is the relief given to an innocent party to enforce a right to compensate for the violation of a ri ght (Jentz & Miller, 2007, p. 7). In law there are two types of remedies: remedies at law and remedies in equity. Remedies at law are typically classified as monetary damages while remedies in equity usually include rescission and restitution, specific performance, and contract reformation. A breach of contract case normally entitles the non-breaching party to sue for monetary damages (a remedy at law). In some cases, however, when the remedy at law is inadequate, a court will allow the non-breaching party to sue for an equitable remedy. Remedies at Law In most breach of contract cases, the non-breaching party is entitled to sue or monetary damages, also known a remedy at law. Monetary damages are designed to compensate the non-breaching party for the loss of the bargain and to try and put the innocent party in the position they would have occupied had the terms of the contract been fulfilled (Jentz & Miller, 2007, p. 226). Compensatory Compensatory damages are an amount of money aw arded by the court to compensate the non-breaching party for a particular detriment or injury sustained as a direct result from the loss of a bargain due to a breach of contract. The amount awarded is intended to replace the amount the non-breaching party lost and nothing more (Gale, 2010). ConsequentialConsequential damages or â€Å"special damages† are damages that arise only from the consequences of a breach of contract. Consequential damages may be awarded in a breach of contract case when it includes the loss of profit or revenue as a result of a breach of contract. The damages may only be collected if it is determined that the damages were reasonably foreseeable when the contract was made (Hill A. , 1974). Punitive Punitive damages are awarded to compensate the injured party, to punish the breaching party, and to deter others from committing the same act. Punitive damages are monetary damages awarded above and beyond what is necessary to compensate a party for their los ses.Punitive damages are normally not awarded in a breach of contract case unless a tort is involved but some suggest the stance on this may be changing (Sullivan, 1976-1977). Nominal Nominal damages are a small amount of money (such as one dollar) awarded to the non-breaching party in a lawsuit to show that the loss or harm suffered was technical rather than actual. It is also used to establish that the defendant acted wrongfully (Hill G. a. , Nominal Damages, 2010). Remedies in Equity In some breach of contract cases businesses are not interested in monetary compensation. In these cases, money is an insufficient substitute to the original terms of the contract and the non-breaching party may wish to sue for an equitable remedy instead. Rescission and RestitutionThe rescission of a contract essentially terminates the contract and returns the non-breaching parties to their former positions before the contract was made. Rescission is available when fraud, mistake, duress, or failure of consideration is present in a contract. The rescinding party is also entitled to restitution (Williston, 1922, p. 1455). Restitution requires both parties to return any goods or money that was given to the other party. Restitution is used to prevent the unjust enrichment of another party (Williston, 1922, p. 1456). Specific Performance Specific performance is an equitable court-ordered remedy that calls for the precise performance of the act promised in the contract (Wild, 2006).This remedy is often ordered by the court in the sale of a rare article or unique piece of land because awarding monetary damages would be insufficient to cover the perceived loss by the non-breaching party. Reformation Contract reformation is an equitable remedy available to parties of a written contract when the contract does not truly express the intention of both parties. â€Å"The mistake may be the mutual error of both parties to the contract, or the oversight of one party which the other knew or s uspected at the time of entering the agreement. † (American Home Ins. Co. v Travelers Indemnity Co, 1981) Contract reformation is also used when fraud is present and it allows the contract to be rewritten to reflect the parties’ true intentions. SummaryA breach of contract occurs when one party fails to perform any of the contract terms. The breach may be immaterial or material depending on whether or not the value of the contract has been substantially impaired. Remedies are the compensation awarded to the non-breaching party in a breach of contract case. There are two types of remedies for a breach of contract: remedies at law and remedies in equity. Remedies at law are pecuniary damages awarded to the non-breaching party to compensate them for the loss of the bargain while remedies in equity may include rescission and restitution, contract reformation, and specific performance. Bibliography American Home Ins. Co. v Travelers Indemnity Co, 122 (Cal.App 3d 951,961 1981 ). Gale, T. (2010). West's Encyclopedia of American Law. Retrieved April 21, 2010, from Answers. com:http://www. answers. com/library/Law%20Encyclopedia-cid-6927283 Gifis, S. H. (2010). Law Dictionary. Retrieved April 21, 2010, from Answers. com: http://www. answers. com/topic/breach-of-contract Hill, A. (1974). Breach of Contract as a Tort. Columbia Law Review (74), 40. Hill, G. a. (n. d. ). Breach of Contract. Retrieved January 6, 2010, from Law. com Dictionary: http://dictionary. law. com/Default. aspx? selected=93 Hill, G. a. (2010). Nominal Damages. Retrieved April 21, 2010, from The Free Dictionary by Farlax: http://legal-dictionary. hefreedictionary. com/Nominal+Damages Jacob ; Young v Kent, 230 (N. Y. 1921). Jentz, G. , ; Miller, R. (2007). Fundamentals of Business Law: Summarized Cases (Seventh ed. ). Mason: South-Western Cengage Learning. Restatement (Second) of Contracts  § 241. (1981) Sullivan, T. J. (1976-1977). Punitive Damages in the Law of Contract: The Reality and the Illusion of Legal Change. Minn. L. Rev (61), 207. Wild, S. (Ed. ). (2006). Webster's New World Law Dictionary. Retrieved April 21, 2010, from Yourdictionary. com: http://www. yourdictionary. com/law/specific-performance Williston, S. (1922). The Law of Contract. New York: New York Baker, Voorhis & Co.

Evaluation Of Self Manage Learning Approach Education Essay

There are many larning methods to take from. One of them best understanding techniques sing peculiar and professional life development are Self-managed learning attacks and Life-long acquisition attacks ( LLL ) . The followers we are sing the rating connected with Self-managed apprehension.Evaluation of Self-manage larning attack:Before coming into the profession sphere, people truly should convey the nice extent connected with assurance which frequently retains them inspired for their work. Self-managed apprehension techniques play a large bend in making this self-confidence interior of. As shortly as people recognize what they may be skilled at, that they start giving more clip on that will sector. SML aids the staff throughout calculating out their peculiar know-how countries and actuate these to variety their peculiar career on it. Diligence originates on the watercourse every bit shortly as an single loves his/her calling. The existent planned method throughout SML AIDSs staff to be able to plot their peculiar apprehension utilizing methods and that they besides must concentrate much more on future demands at the. Gary the appliance cat. Most advanced engineering. The existent employees should be able to confront fluctuations inside group at the. Gary the appliance cat. When a fresh new goods and services is really announced. With this method the employees should come to recognize their peculiar duties and they ‘re traveling to put their peculiar attempt much more outstandingly and really good. The existent course of study cost-free method specifies that the employees perform get expertness by the rudimentss and dreams of the coevalss plus the group entirely.Undertaking 1.2Wayss to promote womb-to-tomb acquisition of the employees:A ratting in order to we now have many methods lifelong understanding on the staff throughout professional and peculiar life may be encouraged. Let ‘s look into a few methods to promote womb-to-tomb understanding on the staff throughout professional life: The staff should be required services and conferences to make these persons adapted while utilizing the wholly new devices or engineerings which are on brands usage of by the corporation. The decision makers truly should speak to the staff to measure whenever they are content with their peculiar calling of class, if they may be in your caput organized for it. The organisations can offer the college cost to be able to the employees that do n't even hold a making. The staff may be made available cost-free papers preparations. Let ‘s look into a few methods to promote womb-to-tomb understanding on the staff throughout peculiar life: The staff may be given duties to seek and make like a aggregation. They can analyze on one another and understand a few truths throughout wholly new attacks. It ‘s the director ‘s calling to maintain the employees motivated on the work. The existent employees may be called or short occupation interviews or single direction utilizing decision makers to be able to excite these persons. Particular apprehension is dependent upon work forces and adult females. It depends on each and every staff members the sum they may understand from carbon monoxide employees or decision makers.Undertaking 1.3Benefits of self-managed acquisition:SLM method could be the best apprehension for merely about any member of staff to construct up his career like a corporation peculiar individual. On any work industries, assurance are needed to turn up that has a really good standing. Self-managed understanding provides a work force that wills assurance. Simply because by manner of self-managed understanding staff learn mostly off their activities. These people get to cognize what they may be proficient at, whereby they are able to give their full capacity effectivity. It ‘s really of import sing the two members of staff and corporation that the single member of staff is really given duties throughout his/her know-how topographic point. The existent staffs besides need to bask their peculiar calling in the event they want to give their peculiar 100 % enterprises indoors. Via Self-managed understanding staff survey on their peculiar co-workers, their peculiar decision makers. Supervisors act as mentoring employees in this peculiar procedure. These people discuss with the member of staff what they may be sing sing their peculiar duties. The existent staffs in add-on receive possibility to give their peculiar reappraisals sing any wholly new engineerings or ware the organisation has ended proceeding. SML ever additions the two workers plus the corporation. It provides the organisation that has an assured set of workers that know about their peculiar ability. The corporation in add-on extends to acknowledge how efficient his worker s may be at different duties.Undertaking 2.1Required accomplishments and competences required for client helpers:One of the purchaser assistants a few expertnesss are indispensable prior to the organisational aims and professional outlooks. Interpersonal Communication Skill: Antic public conversation proficiency is required. Conversation proficiency is defined as split in to a twosome expertises. There ‘re: O Speaking accomplishment: A antic communication proficiency is required one of many purchaser helpers to be able to acquire in touch with the clients can utilize along with other employees. Most people hold the same problem them to be non able to explicate truth such method that will everybody knows. Buyer Assistants ought to be detailed and apprehensible for your clients. o Listening Skill: Jamming proficiency is n't traveling to stipulate merely listening ; what ‘s more, it signifies groking what is being said. Buyer plus truly should hold a really good hearing proficiency. They ought to find what the clients can utilize state or bespeaking at the first illustration. Pull offing Skill: Buyer helpers besides have to manage different state of affairss clip and energy to clip period. These people should be able to manage those people state of affairss easy and success. That ‘s the ground the humble taking attention of proficiency is required. Adaptability: Daily new merchandises and engineerings are now being used at each and every group. Buyer plus truly should can accommodate these persons throughout highly speedy clip period. Oahu is the versatility which frequently specifies the nucleus power on the employees.Undertaking 2.2Possible development demands for the same class of workers:You ‘ll happen ever a few countries to develop. The existent workers inside same category may hold a few development demands. Let ‘s look into the executable development demands for your same category of workers plus the actions forced to carry through these persons: Intercommunication Skill: The existent intercommunication proficiency between your same category workers may be developed. It is really needed for same aggregation staff member to cognize one another to run the occupation motion. They should be really clear with each other. Adaptability: Similar category workers truly should accommodate the occupation theoretical account and motion of each and every extra right off. A same project can affect a figure of workers and machines. The existent workers on the same aggregation should be cognizant the fact that machines map and should accommodate while utilizing the wholly new engineerings. Committedness: The existent workers ought to be dedicated to look at their full capacity that can assist one another at work. For that corporation to develop it is important that the employees are really helpful together.Undertaking 2.3Development chances and the activities required to run into them:I have already been touching John concluding a few times and we ‘ve talked about the development chances sing your ex along with other single employees. Many of us, jointly, are constructing a peculiar development scheme ( PDP ) sing your ex. They have besides been working at Tesco mark in the community connected with Structure Hamlet like a purchaser plus sing concluding 8 a few months. Via an extended conversation we ‘ve determined from which industries John believes you ‘ll happen opportunity for your ex to develop. There ‘re: Pull offing different state of affairs: John senses a spot discerning at times every bit shortly as he ‘s got to manage unannounced state of affairss. He senses that they are n't able to confront those people state of affairss. Sometimes the retail merchant director has got to can be found in entryway to pull off those people state of affairss sing your ex. John believes in the event he or she and his co-workers acquire some good much more preparations sing the manner to manage these sort of eldritch state of affairs, that will present the assurance in that individual. Listening Skill: The clients are from different path record utilizing different characteristic. John senses at times he ‘s got a tough clip groking what a few clients are bespeaking. He believes he or she needs to execute progressively more listening preparation to be able to different characteristics. The existent SML method may assist at this clip. He believes he can better the hearing proficiency through discoursing with people connected with different characteristic every bit shortly as he could be outside. Talking Skill: John does n't truly experience any lack connected with pass oning expertness throughout your ex. Although he or she believes in the event he can larn a small spot of basic words from extra front-runner ‘languages ‘ throughout Liverpool, he can steer the clients can utilize much more. He believes this proficiency may be greater perchance by the group giving them short phrase list to analyze or through themself seeking to larn from the people because geting a few gratifying clip period together every bit shortly as he could be traveling out inside diversion country or sites prefer that.Undertaking 2.4The jobs take into consideration although making the right and professional development scheme is really discovered and discussed down below: First job, Just about all single employees should be straightforward utilizing themselves. They have to do clear their peculiar lacking and attempt and work on those people. Identifying the demands plus the aims inside group work sector at the. Gary the appliance cat. Require connected with experient and professional staff, enhance throughout markets, beginnings for illustration personal computing machines and so forth. Supervisors from all concern units truly should steer seeking the aims and explicate these to the employees. Finding out at that place the extra staffs ‘ experience and expertness to run into up with the demands connected with disposal crew. It ‘s really of import to fix Conferences, Classes, and preparations to further better up the expertness. Another antic job could be the development charge ; the proportion which the staff are set uping. It could be obtained with development assignments where by different duties and clip period agenda on their behalf may be given. Forces can acknowledge how well they have moved on through sing the complete duties. Finally, the existent staff should be reasonable sing their peculiar given duties. They have to go distinct to run into up with the disposal demands and their peculiar development demands.Undertaking 3.1Procedures and activities required to implement the development program:Talking over jointly we and John possess made a list of processs and actions which frequently are necessary to implement the development scheme. There ‘re: Finding a mark clip frame: It ‘s really of import to be able to get down a clip frame when the execution on the scheme ought to be happening. Measuring the accomplishments, abilities, and cognition: One more critical procedure and exercising would be to mensurate the expertness, abilities and cognition of single employees merely like John. For case, John is designed for some type of computing machine absolutely and there ‘s surely one of his co-worker that is non that well really good utilizing computing machine. In the event that every bit are called to seek and make the same project on computing machine their peculiar timeframe to seek and make the occupation are n't traveling to be same. Learning Schemes: The existent employees ought to be given duties because aggregation and encouraged to look at SML because their peculiar apprehension method. In this mode they will accommodate the radical apprehension right off. Learning Resources: Understanding beginnings may be text editions, instruction paperwork, computing machine and so forth. The staff should be effectual equal brand usage of the beginnings to set up to be able to implement the development scheme. Geting feedbacks: Feedbacks are a powerful manner to measure the promotion on the member of staff. It ‘s really of import to judge the design and map a spot client study to acquire the effectivity on the staff above the thought.Undertaking 3.2Undertake and papers development activities as plannedThe existent Prepared development actions are because stick to: Training the employees: The existent staffs are educated utilizing a undertaking dependent work and duly clip frame. With the instruction they have discovered wholly new techniques and utilizing the beginnings they have discovered to be able to accommodate to the radical ideas rapidly. Forming the survey groups: The existent staffs are split in to research communities. The existent staffs making work in the same sector is in the same aggregation so they can work on their peculiar professional countries jointly. Mentoring and Oversing: The existent staff are mentored and administered by the decision makers plus the trade name decision makers. They ‘ve kept really good face for the staff to find their peculiar promotion on their ain so when friends. Consultation: Soon after each and every aggregation project is performed the staff receive treatment off their trade name decision makers sing their peculiar effectivity and what they have to execute heighten their peculiar gait and truth.Undertaking 3.3Critically measuring the staff larning against original purposes and aims set in the development program:Self-managed apprehension, by manner of my personal expression at, provides each staff members a peculiar cognition about what the organisation needs from them. These people get to cognize what this company is really low in for illustration experient workers. Via subscribing to the aggregation direction it assists these persons groking the radical attacks running a concern and so they receive adapt to these persons really easy. Via this technique in add-on, they can analyze on their peculiar co-workers. Therefore, the thought provides these persons the liability to get the hang merely about every 2nd. Additionally they provide the option implement their peculiar ideas speaking about while utilizing the trade name decision makers through the treatment Sessionss. The most good subdivision of this understanding method is really that they do n't hold to research text editions ; they are able to analyze on persons all over these persons. Therefore, in my expression at Self-managed apprehension is frequently an effectual manner to construct up the staff for his or her peculiar and professional life.Undertaking 3.4Suitability of updating the PDP:The existent feedbacks and in-progress rating provided by the decision makers and trade name decision makers ought to be consumed really critically plus the PDP connected with John along with other work forces and adult females ought to be up-to-date on the footing of those people feedbacks and rating. The existent feedbacks and testimonies demonstrate the industries where by John demands to have developed and to boot, there are reappraisals sing his powerful proficiency ind ustries excessively. With the feedbacks, John is really missing is really conversation and versatility. Therefore, right now John is cognizant what he or she needs to work on progressively more. He should heighten his conversation proficiency and expression at acquiring effortless while utilizing the wholly new engineerings. Increasing the versatility may really good be a tough project sing your ex however he can in add-on have the feedbacks from his trade name director after holding a certain clip period. Therefore, it is rather ideal to be able to update the PDP connected with John based on the feedbacks and in-progress testimonies he ‘s got acquired. He needs to put enterprises to hold better feedbacks when. Will assist you your ex acquiring progressively experienced and it will likewise steer your ex acquiring particular offers.Undertaking 4.1Solutions to work-based jobs:Through the PDP I bought a few work dependent troubles for illustration sing a short clip My spouse and I has been sing bored stiff making the government dependant is effectual each twenty-four hours. Therefore, My spouse and I wanted my personal trade name director give us some more answerabilities. This excess some more duties in my calling. I ‘d to be effectual harder. Although my spouse and I have been pleased with the thought sing that the humdrum has been absent from us. The following problem my spouse and I has been traveling through has been pass oning while utilizing the cat people connected with my personal aggregation. The existent people were from different coevals. My spouse and I tried blowing a spot more clip period while utilizing the common people people. Which helped us a whole batch acquiring together with these persons? One more problem I bought has been surely one of my personal aggregation associate has been really hapless utilizing computing machine expertness. Once we were given duties related to computing machine many of us were reasoning subsequently. My spouse and I made available your ex to show your ex a few lessons on computing machine proficiency within merely my personal expertness. He lief contracted and within merely a short while he or she developed a whole batch. These are by and large many of the troubles my spouse and I experienced in the class of PDP and my spouse and I could decide these persons at the same clip.Undertaking 4.2There are assorted manners of communicating e.g. verbal, non-verbal, preverbal etc. But in order to pass on with assorted degrees at work I think self-asserting communicating manner is the best 1. The typical Supervisors can acquire in touch with the decision makers by manner of this manner giving wholly new waies and besides showing respect for them. The existent decision makers can supply orders on the purchaser helpers along with other staff throughout aggressive manner. Via this manner the heads on the group can acquire in touch with the lowest most well-thought-of member of staff on the group. Every individual can larn every clip wholly new ware is traveling to be released. Merely about every employee truly experience their peculiar significance inside corporation. This difficult drives these to work harder. There are many much more communications fluctuations used through the work for illustration mark linguistic communication. Although those people are merely merely through the is effectual. In order to acquire in touch with different phase, I do believe aggressive conversation method is the foremost a individual.Undertaking 4.3Time Management:Occasion disposal is frequently a tough project. This ought to be done by holding a prepared manner. While I have already been given the responsibility to remain demand on the trade name for your 7 yearss, I ‘ve got to manage my personal work clip period. I ‘ve got to go really economical although picking out my personal transportation clip period. I ‘ve got to direct from the entryway through the busy clip period on the clip. Let me besides have to manage some clip agenda to offer the employees a brilliant economical work displacements to be effectual alongside one another. As I was the trade name director for your 7 yearss, I want to seek the advice of the radical employees to measure right now there effectivity and My spouse and I in add-on truly should blend up the clip period agenda to show these persons a manner to work with more experient and effectual employees. The existent work-loads, my spouse and I should seek to part throughout a smart manner that the experient workers are working for the most hard duties plus the extra workers understand from them.

Kite Runner Pomegranate Tree Essay

In Khaled Hosseini’s novel, The Kite Runner, the changing depiction of the pomegranate tree symbolizes the changes in Amir and Hassan’s relationship, and is woven into the novel’s central theme of sin and redemption. Throughout the novel Hosseini depicts Amir’s struggle to redeem himself ever since he witnessed the rape of Hassan and stood by as a silent bystander. Amir and Hassan shared a very close friendship doing everything together yet the loyalty between each other was lopsided. Amir could never match Hassan’s unconditional love and loyalty towards him and this sets up the internal struggle in Amir’s mind, because he was sensitive enough to realize the unfairness of the situation. Hosseini uses the pomegranate tree throughout the book as the backdrop for describing key events that influence Amir and Hassan’s relationship. The first depiction of the tree portrays a safe haven but subtle details in the passage point to the events that unfold later. As children, Amir and Hassan spent many hours under the shade of a pomegranate tree up on a hilltop where Amir would read stories to Hassan. Here the pomegranate tree is a symbol of comfort, a place where he and Hassan could be alone sharing the simple pleasure of storytelling. Amir’s description of the â€Å"shadows of pomegranate leaves dancing† on Hassan’s face depicts the protective aspect of the tree, a sanctuary for the two friends (28). The tree and hill are symbolic of Amir and Hassan’s friendship; the tree is rooted in the hill but as the seasons change both the hill and the tree change and so does their friendship. The mention of seasons foreshadows how over time Amir and Hassan’s friendship will be destroyed, in the same way that the rain had turned the â€Å"iron gate rusty† and caused the â€Å"white stone walls to decay† (27). When Amir and Hassan return to the pomegranate tree after the rape, Amir says to Hassan he will read him a new story as they walk up the hill and a sense of hopefulness is conveyed. Amir points out that the â€Å"grass was still green†. Here the green is symbolic of hope and renewal and it connotes Amir’s effort to fix his damaged relationship with Hassan (91). However, when Amir describes that the green grass atop the hill will soon be â€Å"scorched yellow† it also foreshadows Hassan and Ali’s abrupt departure from Kabul, and the devastating impact this has on Amir and Baba (91). Hosseini’s use of the word scorched connotes an event that happens suddenly and is a premonition of worse things to come. Amir is not able to deal with his memories of their happier days under the tree, and instead of storytelling he decides to provoke Hassan to reproach him for his own inaction when the rape occurred. Amir’s ulterior motives – to provoke Hassan and not tell stories – are revealed when he â€Å"picked up an overripe pomegranate† (92) and throws it at Hassan. The overripe, rotting pomegranate is symbolic of a wound that has been left alone too long, the guilt of Amir not helping Hassan when he was raped. The pomegranate fruit itself represents the complexity of their relationship; it is a fruit with a hard skin that is difficult to peel and inside there are beehive-like segments hiding hundreds of red pulpy seeds. Amir is not able to come to terms with his guilt and tries to avoid Hassan at first, but later when he tries to make amends he realizes that for Hassan it will never be the same. The pomegranate also alludes to the forbidden apple from the Bible, symbol of the original sin, and thus it serves to foreshadow the events that are just about to unfold. As Amir hurls pomegranates at Hassan, he repeatedly calls Hassan a coward, but in reality he is letting out his own frustration in the hopes that Hassan will retaliate. He is trying to cover up his guilt for not intervening when Hassan was raped, almost as if Amir is trying to justify that Hassan is the coward and not himself. Once Amir stops pelting the pomegranates he sees Hassan â€Å"smeared in red like he’d been shot by a firing squad† (93). The imagery here represents how deeply Amir’s actions and words had wounded Hassan. Ironically, it also foreshadows the eventual death of Hassan, later in the novel, when he is shot by a Taliban firing squad. When Amir returns to Afghanistan after receiving Rahim Khan’s letter, he finds Kabul under the Taliban regime totally changed. As Amir walks up the old â€Å"craggy hill† from his past he realizes that nothing is the same (264). The craggy hill now represents the destroyed Afghanistan. Amir describes that while walking up the hill every breath felt â€Å"†¦like inhaling fire† (264). This simile illustrates how much pain walking up the hill causes an lder Amir now, although it was something he did almost every day with Hassan when they were carefree children. When he reaches the pomegranate tree, he recalls Hassan’s letter saying â€Å"the pomegranate tree hadn’t borne fruit in years† (264). The barren tree is symbolic of how their friendship was ruined twenty years ago in the winter of 1975. But when Amir locates the faded carving of his and Hassan’s name on the tree, the fact that â€Å"it was still there† makes the pomegranate tree a symbol of hope once again and shows Amir a way to atone for his sin (264). After so many years and so many struggles their friendship was tattered but upon seeing it, Amir finally resolves to redeem himself for the guilt of betraying Hassan; a betrayal that became a heavy burden on his shoulders for twenty long years through his silence and inaction. The changes of the pomegranate tree depict the changes in Amir and Hassan’s relationship. We first see it as the lush shady tree from Amir’s childhood where he and spent countless hours reading stories. Next it appears as the scene where Amir destroys his friendship with Hassan. And finally, it is at the same but now barren pomegranate tree where Amir returns and locates the fading reminder of his long lost friend. Each conflict in Amir and Hassan’s friendship was always on Amir’s part. It was Amir who stayed silent when Hassan was assaulted, it was Amir who tried to provoke Hassan’s reproach by throwing pomegranates at him, but it was also Amir who made the effort at the end to rescue Hassan’s son and his nephew, Sohrab. Like the faded carving, Amir’s friendship with Hassan had faded but never completely disappeared. Amir made the worst mistake of his life but he still had an opportunity for redemption, and that was by rescuing Sohrab from the Taliban and acknowledging him as his own flesh and blood If he didn’t, he knew he would go to his grave with the guilt of the sin he committed in the winter of 1975. While atonement for one’s sin is the central theme of The Kite Runner, the pomegranate tree is one of the main symbols used by the author to show Amir’s journey for atonement and redemption in the book. Hosseini’s repeated use of the pomegranate tree serves as a useful symbol to understand the evolving relationship of Amir and Hassan.

Do Girls in Elementary Schools get better grades. Than boys when the achievement levels are the same?

Marion T. Academy Charter schools are one of the independent public schools in the US. A charter school that establishes each school in a performance contract detailing the scholastic mission, program, goals, and measures of success. They are accountable to their authorizers, parents, and to the public. It’s freed from bureaucracy that often found in traditional schools, charters design and deliver programs tailored to educational excellence for the student and community needs.The creation of the charter school legislation is intended to improve student learning; encourage the use of different and innovative or proven school environments in teaching and learning methods; and provide parents and students with improved measures of school performance and greater opportunities in choosing public schools within and outside their school districts; in order to provide a well-educated community. This research will discuss about the following concern namely:†¢ The Problem: Do girl s in elementary schools get better grades than boys even when the achievement level is the same? †¢ Interpretation of data school profile †¢ Measures applied for the problem †¢ Recommendations findings for the problem Page 3 Do girls in elementary schools get better grades than boys even when the achievement level is the same? Studies believe that both genetics and environment are a factor that can make girls more intelligent than the boys; nutrition is also a huge factor, for example, especially during the developmental years of the child.Some individuals are born with more innate math ability than others. Just as some people are born with radically different physical attributes, and capabilities, the same holds true for their mental attributes. Then, environment kicks in, which is also extremely powerful. In regards to whether males have more innate math ability and if females have more innate ability in verbal/language, most of the studies That have supported the h ypotheses that males have a genetic advantage in spatial-visual stuff, and that females have an advantage in language .Early in the 20th century-old study of researchers discovered that all tests of mental ability ranked individuals in about the same way. Although mental tests are often designed to measure specific domains of cognition–verbal fluency, say, or mathematical skill, spatial visualization or memory–people who do well on one kind of test tend to do well on the others, and people who do poorly intelligence generally do so across the board. This overlap, or Interco relation, suggests that all such tests measure some global element of intellectual ability as well as specific cognitive skills.In recent decades, psychologists have devoted much effort to test intelligent isolating that general factor, which is abbreviated, from the other aspects of cognitive ability gauged in mental tests. The statistical extraction of intelligent quotient is performed by a techni que called factor analysis. Introduced at the turn of the century by British Page 4 Psychologist Charles Spearman, factor analysis determines the minimum number of underlying dimensions necessary to explain a pattern of intelligence.The Interesting thing about the study was that sex hormones may play a part, which would explain why this could be accounted for partly through genetics, since the hormones kick in at puberty. I think this is obviously just the A general factor suffusing all tests is not, as is sometimes argued, a necessary outcome of factor analysis. No general factor has been found in the analysis of personality tests, for example; instead the method usually yields at least five dimensions (neuroticism, extraversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness and openness to ideas), each relating to different subsets of tests.But, as Spearman observed, a general factor does emerge from analysis of mental ability tests, and leading psychologists, such as Arthur R. Jensen of the U niversity of California at Berkeley and John B. Carroll of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, have at this point, and goes against much of gender feminism, although not â€Å"classic† feminism. According to recent studies, girls outperform boys in primary and secondary school and have higher high school graduation rates and higher rates of college admission.In Arizona, the disparity is startling: Statistics published online by State Superintendent of Public Instruction Tom Horne show that girls score more than five percent higher on the AIMS reading and writing sections at all four tested grade levels. Schools across America report having high female-to-male ratios on honor rolls and in Advanced Placement and International Baccalaureate classes, according to The New York Times. For the Class of 2004 in Arizona, graduation rates among white students were 88.7 percent for females and 83. 7 percent for males. The percentage gaps were nearly identical for Hispanic, African-American and Asian-American students. Interpretation of data School profile Page 5 Marion T. Academy Charter School opened in September 2000. The Department of Education and State Board of Education approved this school. The plan for the school was to open with grades K-5 and then add a grade each year until the school was K-7.In September 2000, it opened at a temporary site in modular buildings at 97 Vandever Avenue on the east side of Wilmington, while a permanent facility was under construction. The first year, the school served approximately 400 students in grades K-5. During 2003-04 and the school enrolled approximately 600 students in grades K-8. In summer 2001, the school moved into a permanent facility at 1121 Thatcher Street on the east side of Wilmington, a few blocks away from the original temporary site.To accommodate additional students due to expansion, the school leased additional space at the Police Athletic League Building in Wilmington beginning in school year 2003-04. The school’s charter has been renewed by the Delaware Department of Education and State Board of Education for operation through school year 2007-08. The Secretary of Education and State Board of Education required that the school’s Marion T. Academy Charter School, offers classes for students in kindergarten through sixth grade.It's classified as being in or near a mid-sized city having a population less than 250,000 With 34 full-time classroom teachers, and the school has an approximate student population of 521 with a student/teacher ratio of 15. 6:1. This school allocates approximately $2,977 per pupil for instructional expenses. It is committed in providing a safe, nurturing and challenging learning environment, with the aim of producing responsible and productive citizens in the future. Marion T. Academy Problems encountered Page 6 Marion T. Academy encountered problems during the operations stated as follows:†¢ Marion T. Academy were not offer ed the school choice option and it failed to attempt to enter into a cooperative agreement with another LEA that would have allowed for parents of students with a home â€Å"feeder† school identified for the improvement to select choice options and transfer to a school not identified for improvement. †¢ Marion T. Academy did not budget funds for school choice of transportation to meet the federal spending requirement for school choice transportation costs This school does not have adequate funding to accommodate the transportation costs†¢ Associated with the school choice option of students had been offered and had exercised the school choice option. †¢ Two LEAS’ did not comply with supplemental educational service requirements. The SES parental notification letters sent by CSD and IRSD failed to include all of the information required by the ESEA. And the school had procedural failures contributing to the insufficient implementation of SES at one school . †¢ SES Notification Letters Deficiencies, are the delayed sending of important letters to the parents and other important persons for all the activities and all the achievement and problems of the students.